Acacus Mountains

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Acacus Mountains

mountain range, archaeological site

Part of	Tadrart
Native label	Akukas
Mountain range	Tassili n'Ajjer
Country	Libya
Located in the administrative territorial entity	Ghat District
Coordinate location	24°50′0″N 10°20′0″E
Significant event	list of World Heritage in Danger
Heritage designation	World Heritage Site
World Heritage criteria	(iii)

Acacus Mountains (Moore: Acacus Tãn-bedre)

Acacus tãn-bɛda bɩ Tadrart Akakus (ãnglindi: Acacus Mountains) naandã tãms toalenga Ghat Saka (Ghat District) pʋge tẽn-kʋɩre bɩ bĩisr zĩiga sẽn be Lybia nen-taoor baobgo sẽne, sahara pʋsʋk n wã. B bee Lybia pʋge, Ghat tẽnga yaanga, n dõnege rɩtg baobgo rɩk-n kẽng Algeria tẽnga toaag sẽne, kilometr ramba koabga (62 mi)(Ãnglindi: 100 kilometres). Ziiga tara kʋdemd pĩisi bũmb ramb wʋsgo bi naande a zugu balem-tɩɩse.

Sebr bugsi

Kʋdemde Kibare

1. Gom-biiga kʋdemde Kibare (Ãnglindi: Etymology)
2. Pĩisi bãngre (Ãnglindi Rock Art)
3. Bĩis-kaam bɩ bĩisim siribdu (Ãnglindi: Milk lipids)

Kʋdemde Kibare

Gom-biiga kʋdemde Kibare

Tadrart yaa "tãn-bedre" pogre seb-pidsdim Berber goam pʋge.

Rock Art (Pĩisi bãngre)

Ziiga tara yʋ-sõngo t'a pĩis'a bãngra yĩnga la b paas'a la UNESCO Ãndũni Faado 1985 yʋʋmda pʋge (World Heritage) tɩ lakrɛ ramba sẽn yaa yel-bɛda yĩnga. Lakrɛ bũmb ramba nademr yita 12,000 BCE hal nɩ 100 CE n wʋlgri ziiga rog-n-miki n'a halhaal toeengo.

bõn-bãna nɩ lakrɛ yel-soalma sẽn yaa we-rũmsi wa tilyã-rãmba, wobdo, yʋgma, nɩ naneoondo ramb rẽnda,  la ninsaalb nɩ wed-kõbdo rẽnd bee mɩ. Fot-rãmba bee mɩ n wʋlgr neb beoog-beoog fãa yel-maanesem, wala neb n yɩɩnde bɩ n saoode

Bĩis-kaam bɩ bĩisim sɩribdu (Milk lipids)

Tadrart n leb n yaa sitã gãnegre n kõ kʋdgẽ bĩisim sɩribdu pʋkri sẽn yi cerami zugu. Daarenga vɛɛsgo bɩ gesgo wʋlgame tɩ bĩis-kaama yita 7,500 BP.

Sãoongo (Vandalism and destruction) sẽn yɩ hal 1969

Muammar Gaddafi naama sasa sẽn yɩ 1969 hal nɩ 2011, Department of Antiquities wã da paama naagre yoogo. Yɩɩ hal 2005 la petrol-kãre baoobo tẽng-n-ligdri pʋge bas tɩ pĩisi bãngre tʋʋma lebg yel-pakr ne-ba. Tẽng rigingu tʋʋma manto dãmba la b tar baod petrol-kãre kiigri tẽnga. Tʋʋm bãmb sãamda pĩisi bɩ kug sẽn pẽnege ba n t table nɩns sẽn zãad Tadrart Acacus pĩisa bãngre bũmb rãmba.

Kʋdemde bɩ Kʋdgo teedo zaeeb wa n ta zãntgo. Yellã yɩɩ yel-yaalga, tɩ lebg pakre hal tɩ UNESCO wa leok'a. B wʋlga ãndũni fãa t b bãng Libya archaeology tʋʋmd nɩ b rog-n-miki faado, la b yẽege Libya ramb t b rãamd maaneg tɩ wagda n zaeed b faado la malgre-rãmb sãamda.

Yʋʋmd 2012 sasa, a Gaddafi kʋʋm poore, UNESCO bao ligidi wa dollars tus-kẽemde bɩ milyõ 2.26 n naam pãng n zãms neba. Neba zãmseg tʋʋma da yaa UNESCO sẽn tũ Libya nɩ Italy rãmb gofneema. Libya tara UNESCO Ãndũni Faado zĩisa taab'a  naase n paas Tadrart Acacus n wã: Cyrene, Leptis Magna, Sabratha nɩ Ghadames. UNESCO sagla mɩ tɩ b tilg tẽng-sʋka Ghat bɩ Uweynat zakẽ wã n tar n zãmsr neb nins sẽn nan get la b kolle bɩ n gũ soolem'a....

UNESCO State of Conservation (SOC) toagsga bɩ maaneg hal yʋʋma 2011, 2012, tɩ ta 2013 wilgdã mɩ n kõ kibaya tɩ wala pĩisa zĩis piiga ka kongd bɩ b paama sãoong sẽn pa yĩudgu n yit hal yʋʋmd 2009 tʋʋl-nif kiuugu sasa. Wa n maaname tɩ arzɛka nins sẽn yaa Ãndũni Faado Zĩiga (World Heritage Site) dẽnda nɩ b arzɛka toaaga bãngre lebg yel-pakr bɩɩ n be zʋmm-tɩ-zʋmm ne-ba. Dẽ wã basa mɩ t tʋʋma arzɛka laog zãabo n t rɩk n gẽdge tẽng pʋgẽ neba sẽn pa maan zems-n-taar ne b rog-n-miki yellã võorẽ kɩ t ãndũni faado ziiga sãoong wã ket n be. Sẽn paase, zabd-n-taare tẽnga pʋge yit hal yʋʋmd 2011 taasa sãoong wʋsgo.

Yʋʋmd 2013 Sig-noy kiuugu pʋge, UNESCO bãng-kãag soaba ramba tʋga sore n t magse bɩ n saage Tadrart Acacus ziiga nug-gãaga la b sed ne b taab tʋʋm-gãnegdg sẽn na n tõog n kolle bɩ n kɩlme n leb-n zã rog-n-miki nɩ halaal yɛla sẽn ka to kada.

Yʋʋmd 2014 tʋʋl-nif kiuugu rasem piig la a naase daare, b da kõ sãamdba yiib kibare, nins sẽn bẽegr bɩ n võdgde b mẽng yʋʋya kug-kʋdga zugu nɩ yalemd nɩ kõgre la nins sẽn tar tɩɩm bɩ tɩto n yẽesd bɩ n yɩɩsd pĩisa bɩ kuga naande-ramba. Tʋʋl-nif kiuugu rasem pisi daare, 2014 pʋge, fãrende toagsda bãn-zẽnga, Jacques-Marie Bourget paam n deeg'a kibare bɩ koɛɛga Ghat tẽng pʋge kibay kɩta, Aziz Al-Hachi nẽngẽ tɩ neb nins n sãamd UNESCO Pĩisi Bãngre Tʋʋma Tadrart Acacus sẽn yaa Ãndũni Faado Ziiga nɩ zãya la sẽdge pẽes-biisi.

Tẽn-baoosgo Kibare (Ãnglindi: Geography)

Tadrart Acacus ziiga tara ween-vɩʋʋg tekr wʋsgo. B tara bĩis tãnse sẽn gʋlsem yaa to-to, b le tara yɩgre kug-golme, kug-bɛd nɩ tãng-zug wilinga, n lebg tar kʋl-vagdo sẽn yaa zulung bɩ vũnung wʋsgo. Ziiga ween-vɩʋʋg teedo yaals la Afzejare nɩ Tin Khlega kug-golma. Ba ne tẽnga yaa tẽn-kʋɩɩre nɩ zĩ-pɛɛla, b mɩ le tara tɩ-bĩm-bĩm, wala Calotropis procera sẽn yaa tɩɩm tɩɩg. Tãn-bɛda zug mɩ tara ko-bundeg ramb nɩ bulsi wʋsgo.

Leb-n-ges-y

• List of Stone Age Art Kugri Yʋʋm sõore bãngre sõdgr sebre
• Uan Muhuggiag

Gʋlsgo

1. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "UNESCO Fact Sheet." Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
2. Jabel Acacus Map and Guide, (Map) (1st ed.). 1:100,000, inset 1:400,000. Tourist and cave art information. Cartography by EWP. EWP. 2006. ISBN 0-906227-93-3 Archived from the original on 2015-04-27. Retrieved 2008-04-20.
3. Acacus Rock Art Photo Gallery. Ewpnet.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
4. Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane (2013). "Animal Genetics and African Archaeology: Why It Matters". African Archaeological Review. 30: 1–20. doi:10.1007/s10437-013-9130-7.
5. Bohannon, John (10 February 2005). "In the Valley of Life, Oil is Death to the Art of a Lost Civilization". The Guardian.
6. Little, Tom (23 December 2013), Libyan archaeologists look to the future with new training, Libyan Herald, retrieved 5 May 2014
7. UNESCO training to combat the looting of Libyan antiquities, Libyan Herald, 25 September 2013, retrieved 5 May 2014
8. State of Conservation (SOC): Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus, 2011, retrieved 4 May 2014
9. UNESCO organizes training course for conservation and restoration of Libyan Artefacts, United Nations, 2013, retrieved 5 May 2014
10. Grira, Sarra (14 April 2014), Graffiti defaces prehistoric rock art in Libya, Observers: France 24, retrieved 5 May 2014
11. Libye : Les salafistes wahhabites libyens détruisent un site de 12.000 ans d'âge, Algeria, 29 April 2014
12. Bourget, Jacques-Marie (2014-04-20), Libye, 12 000 ans effacés au white spirit, Mondafrique, retrieved 2014-05-04

Taoore kaorengo

• Di Lernia, Savino e Zampetti, Daniela (eds.) (2008) La Memoria dell'Arte. Le pitture rupestri dell'Acacus tra passato e futuro, Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
• Minozzi S., Manzi G., Ricci F., di Lernia S., and Borgognini Tarli S.M. (2003) "Nonalimentary tooth use in prehistory: an Example from Early Holocene in Central Sahara (Uan Muhuggiag, Tadrart Acacus, Libya)" American Journal of Physical Anthropology 120: pp. 225–232; doi:10.1002/ajpa.10161
• Mattingly, D. (2000) "Twelve thousand years of human adaptation in Fezzan (Libyan Sahara)" in G. Barker, Graeme and Gilbertson, D.D. (eds) The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the Margin London, Routledge, pp. 160–79;
• Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (1999) "Holocene Climatic Changes and Cultural Dynamics in the Libyan Sahara" African Archaeological Review 16(4): pp. 211–238; doi:10.1023/A:1021609623737
• Cremaschi, Mauro; Di Lernia, Savino; and Garcea, Elena A. A. (1998) "Some Insights on the Aterian in the Libyan Sahara: Chronology, Environment, and Archaeology" African Archaeological Review 15(4): pp. 261–286; doi:10.1023/A:1021620531489
• Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (eds., 1998) Wadi Teshuinat: Palaeoenvironment and Prehistory in South-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara) Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
• Wasylikowa, K. (1992) "Holocene flora of the Tadrart Acacus area, SW Libya, based on plant macrofossils from Uan Muhuggiag and Ti-n-Torha Two Caves archaeological sites" Origini 16: pp. 125–159;
• Mori, F., (1960) Arte Preistorica del Sahara Libico Rome, De Luca;
• Mori, F., (1965) Tadrart Acacus, Turin, Einaudi;
• Mercuri AM (2008) Plant exploitation and ethnopalynological evidence from the Wadi Teshuinat area (Tadrart Acacus, Libyan Sahara). Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 1619-1642; doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.003
• Mercuri AM (2008) Human influence, plant landscape evolution and climate inferences from the archaeobotanical records of the Wadi Teshuinat area (Libyan Sahara). Journal of Arid Environments 72: 1950-1967. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.04.008

Kɛɛng tõkre

• UNESCO Fact Sheet
• Italian-Libyan Archaeological Mission in the Acacus and Messak
• Natural Arches of the Akakus Plateau

Acacus Mountain

Acacus Mountains ya tãnga m'be bĩisra pugin m'be Ghat District, Libya nen-taoore,sahara wã ziig ning.A be yaang ni Ghat galʋ tẽnga pugin,Libya, la a be rɩtgo baobgo ni Algeria toaaga,n na ta kilometr kobga 100km (62mi).Zĩiga tara pĩiga n tar bũmb naande a zugu