Celtic Harp

Celtic harp yaa kareng tãnsĩr sẽn yaa taab ne Celtic tẽns sẽn be Erop tʋʋr-wũndã. B boond-a lame tɩ clairseach Irilandẽ, clàrsach Gʋelik sẽn yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã buud-gomdã pʋgẽ, telenn sẽn yaa a Bretonẽ, la telyn sẽn yaa a Welshẽ wã. Iriland la Ecosse, yaa yɩɩl sẽn tar tãb-biis sẽn baood minim wʋsgo, la b zãmsda wʋsg n na n yɩɩl-a. A beẽ wã, a beẽ wã la a beẽ-bẽ wã.

Celtic Harp

music tradition, type of musical instrument

Subclass of	frame harps with manual action
Indigenous to	Ireland
Country of origin	Ireland
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Ireland’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01461, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01461, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01461, https://nationalinventoryich.chg.gov.ie/cruitireacht-na-heireann-irish-harping/
Hornbostel-Sachs classification	322.221

Kibis sẽn sɩngrẽ

11th century depiction of a harpist on the Breac Maodhóg

Harpist on the Shrine of St Patrick's Tooth, 14th century

1805 Irish penny depicting an Irish harp, long used as a national symbol.

B pa tõe n bãnge tɩ b ra gomda tãns-bil-tõnd sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ tãns-tõnsã yell ye. B ra boond instrument ning pipi sẽn da be Gaɛl soolmã pʋgẽ tɩ b ra boond tɩ harpã. Tõe tɩ gom-biig kãngã ra gomda bũmb a to sẽn yaa string instrument sẽn yaa Welsh crwth ne a sẽn yaa a taab n gomd a yellã. B wilgame tɩ b ra gomda karsaag bɩ klaarseach (tõnd sẽn yit karsaag wall clár) sẽn yaa karsaag sẽn yaa tãns-bil sẽn pa tar pãng n na n zĩnd karsaagã zĩigẽ, la tɩ karsaag kãngã yita Skots tẽnga.

B yãa tɩɩg sẽn yaa bĩngd sẽn yaa b sẽn da get tɩ yaa bĩnd sẽn yaa bẽngd sẽn tar pãng sẽn yit Iron Age sẽn dat n ta yʋʋmd 300 sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã zugu. B sẽn deng n yãt-a wã, b yãenda a sẽn da maand bũmb ning sẽn yaa pipi karengã. B ra tara kareng sẽn yaa wa piitã. Yaa b sẽn da tar b to wã n kẽng Anglo-Saksons wã nengẽ. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b maana kareng a 13 n wilg tɩ b ra tara kareng a ye sẽn yaa kareng a 11 soabã sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã. La kareng a 12 n be Ecosse.

Ireland nebã sẽn deng n gom ne yɩɩl-kãnga yell n sɩng yʋʋmd 600 wã, la b ra waoogda yɩɩl-kãensã sẽn da be wakat kãng nin-kãnga sʋka. Ireland sɛb sẽn sɩng yʋʋmd 700 wã yeelame tɩ b ra segd n zĩnda ne nin-kãsems wã tɩ b wa rɩtẽ, la pa ne nin-bãmba sẽn maand yɩɩl ye. A Zeova Kaset rãmbã ra maanda woto. Baa ne b sẽn yã bũmb nins sẽn wilgd tɩ b ra tara yɩɩl sẽn tar stringã Irilandẽ wã, b pa yã bũmb nins b sẽn yãtẽ wã ye. Wala makre, b pa getẽ tɩ b ra pa mi bũmb nins b ra maandẽ ye.

Yaa karẽn-biis a yiib bal n be Iriland soolmẽ wã, sẽn be Scotland tẽn-bɛdã zug. B fãa gʋlsa yʋʋm koabg a yiib Pictish wã poore. A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn da maand yɩɩl a yiib-n-soabã, b ra pa tõe n wilg tɩ b ra yaa nin-buiidã bal ye. Zãmsg a yembr wilgame tɩ b tõe n kopsa Pikitis kug sẽn yaa b sẽn gʋls ne b sẽn gʋlsd Utrecht Psalter wã, sẽn yaa pipi zĩig ning sẽn be Pikitis a Ɛktoiz soolmã pʋgẽ n wilgd a tãens-tũusg a taab n maand yɩɩl-tũudg a taab ye. B gʋlsa Utrecht Psalter wã yʋʋmd 816 n tãag yʋʋmd 835 sẽn pʋgã. La b yãee b sẽn yãt-b nin-kãnga sẽn yaa nin-kãsenga n tar b sẽn yã tɩ b yaa nin-kẽeng n tar b nẽnga n dat n maan yʋʋm 790 n ta 799 sẽn tũ ne Krista. la b wilg tɩ b sẽn gʋls-a wã yaa yʋʋm pis-naas la b yaool n gʋls-a. Bãngr-goam a taab sẽn yaa Pictish me yaa Utrecht Psalter, sẽn yaa Dupplin Cross wã sẽn yaa kareng sẽn be yʋʋmd 800 soabã.

A Gerald sẽn yaa Normand-Welsh tũudmã taoor soab la karen-saamb sẽn yaa Wales (ca. 1146-1223), sẽn tar a Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica sẽn wilgd Irlãnd sẽn yaa Anglo-Normandã sẽn get to-to wã, pẽga Irlãnd harp mizikã (b sã n yaa bũmb bilf n yɩɩd rẽ), n yeel woto:

Bũmb ning mam sẽn yã tɩ nin-kãensã tʋmd ne tʋʋm sẽn tar waoogrã yaa b sẽn gomd mizik tʋʋm-teedã... b yaa nin-tɩrs sẽn pa tõe n mak ne b taabã ye.

La a Gerald sẽn da pa nong Irlandi nebã wʋsg wã pa wʋmd a meng võor ye. A sẽn sak n deeg tɩ yɩɩl-kãngã sẽn yaa a sẽn sɩng Irilandã, a paasame tɩ "b wʋsg sẽn tagsd tɩ" yaa sẽn kẽed ne Scots la Welsh wã n yɩɩd-b masã. A Gerald gomda cythara ne tympanum yelle, la b sẽn da get b yelle ne harpa pa mi ye, la b pa mi t'a kẽnga Ɛskotilɩnd ye.

A sẽn wa n yaa a sẽn da yaa a Zeova Kaset soaba, a sẽn wa n be a Zeova Kaset rãmbã sʋka, a wilgame tɩ a Zeova Kaset rãmb nins sẽn be be a soolmẽ wã segd n sakame tɩ b bãngẽ tɩ b sẽn da yaa nin-buiidã, b segd n sak n deegame. Ireland wã ra tũnugda ne yɩɩl a yiib bal la a nong-b wʋsgo, sẽn yaa harpa wã la tympanum wã. A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn be Ecosse wã, b tũnugda ne tãns-tã: arf, tympanum la neb kʋʋngã. - Gerald sẽn be Wales

B sẽn yã tɩ b yãt-b-la b sẽn yãt-bã, b yãta b sẽn yãend-b to-to wã. B yãta b sã n yãt-ba. A Saint Maedóc sẽn be Iriland n be Ferns wã, yaa yʋʋmd 1100 soabã, la a wilgda rĩm a Davɩɩd ne a tãnsĩng-rɩtga, n tar "T-bõog" a zugẽ. A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn da yaa b tẽed-n-taasã n da tar b meng n maand woto wã, b ra pa tõe n maan woto ye.

Sẽn deng yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 16 soabã, b ra tara karẽ-kãsems a naasã a tãabo n yaa karẽ-kẽem-kãsemse: a Brian Boru karẽ-kɛsems sẽn be Trinity College, Dublin, la a Queen Mary ne a Lamont karẽ-kakrẽ-kɛrems sẽn be Scotland National Museum, Edinburgh. Sẽn paase, b ra tẽedame tɩ b ra maanda ne b tɩɩg sẽn ka be Ecosse la Ireland ye. Karen Loomis sẽn wa n yiis a PhD yʋʋmd 2015 wã, a kɩɩsda a sẽn yetã. A tãabã fãa yaa yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 15 soabã la b tõe n maana Argyll, sẽn be Ecosse rɩtgẽ wã.

Yʋʋm kobs 17-18 soabã sẽn zĩnd Harp-n-soabgã sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩdã, yaa Iriland sẽn da yaa arp-n'a-soab la a sẽn da maand yɩɩl a Turlough O'Carolan n da yaa nin-kẽeng sẽn da pa yãend ye. A yɩɩl-kãens sẽn yaa 220 n ket n be hal tɩ ta rũndã.

Sõngr la tʋʋm

Bãngdb a yiib sẽn yaa John Bannerman ne Michael Newton yeelame tɩ yʋʋmd 1500 wã tɛka, b ra maanda ne sãnem. B sẽn da get bũmb ning sẽn yaa wa "sẽn yaa wa ne sãnem" wã, b pa gomd bũmb ning sẽn be a pʋgẽ wã yell ye. Rũndã-rũndã, b makda bũmb nins sẽn yaa wa ne bãnd sẽn yaa wa sãnem, wa sãnem la sãnem. B maana b toor-toor tɩ b bãng b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã. B maana b sã n maan bũmb a to wã ne sãnem la wa ne sãnem. B ra tara log-rãmb n tigimd b yɩɩl-rãmbã, la b ra tigimd-b ne log-rãmbã. Celtic harp wã me ra tara gãn-kãnga ne b sẽn da tar n paasd a zug n yaa gãn-gãong la a sẽn da tar ne gãn-goam sẽn yaa waand ne bĩng sẽn yaa waasg ne sãnem. B zãa b sõorã ne nug-dõoneg la b zãad-b-la ne b sõor-dõone. B sẽn da tar tãnsã-rãmbã, b ra tara yɩɩl a yiib sẽn yaa toor ne taaba.

Dɩtb-rãmbã

The medieval 'Queen Mary harp' (Clàrsach na Banrìgh Màiri) preserved in the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh

The Bunworth Harp (1734), a later example of a more characteristically "Irish Harp" from County Cork

B sẽn boond tɩ klairseach wã wã b sẽn boond tɩ:

sãn-bõoneg sẽn yaa bĩngd

Irish	Scottish Gaelic	English	Mossi
téad	teud	strings	gãndã
lámhchrann	làmh-chrann	tree or forepillar	tɩɩg bɩ taoor-soaba
fhorshnaidhm	urshnaim	toggle	Yãk-y n tool-y neda
crú na d-tead	cruidhean nan teud	string shoes	bĩngã
corr	còrr	pin-board	Dãk-d-la-la-a
coim	com	chest or soundbox	gãndã sãnã
cnaga	cnagan	pins	bẽn-bɛd
amhach	amhach	neck	gãagã

B ra tara gãnd sẽn yaa ne sãnem n bĩngd a yiibu, n tar gãnd sẽn tar sãnem n kɩt tɩ b tõe n maneg a to. A ra tara a tãnsãr sẽn da be kom-n-taarã zugẽ. B ra tara karẽng sẽn tar pãng n pa tar pãng n paasã n na n kɩt tɩ b paam n kõ-a karẽng n kõ-ba.

B ra maanda b sẽn da tõe n maan bũmb ning fãa. B saka a poorẽ ne gãnd tɩ b gãd a gãndgã.

B ra maanda ne sãnem la b ra pa tõe n kɩt tɩ b gãneg ne tãmbã tɩ b ra wa kẽed ne tãmb-kãnga.

B tõe n yeelame tɩ b sẽn da tar n yiisd b sãn-kãnga, b ra tara b sãnã n da yaa b sẽn da pak-a wã.

D sẽn tõe n maan yɩɩlã

B yeelame tɩ yɩɩl ning b sẽn boond tɩ harpã sẽn yaa ne telefõ wã yɩɩ toog wʋsgo. Sẽn yaa yɩl tɩ b tõog n wʋme, yɩɩl-gʋlsdã ra segd n boogda yɩɩl nins b sẽn da wa n wa n yɩɩl n wa n tãag b sẽn da ket n tigimd-b-la wã, la a ra segd n yɩɩl-a lame. Sẽn yaa toor ne rũndã-rũndã sẽn yaa to-to wã, b ra wẽnda tãnsã ne b rɩtgo, la b ra wẽda basse. B ra yetame tɩ ned sã n wa tar yʋʋm a yopoe, a segd n sɩng n zãms yɩɩl-n-taar n yaool n pa ta yʋʋm a yopio wã ye. La rũndã-rũndã, b sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd nebã fãa wilgame tɩ b tõe n paama tõog n tõog n tõogd b tʋʋmdã b sẽn kʋʋl n wa ta wã.

1845 calotype photograph of the Irish harper Pádraig Dall Ó Beirn (1794-1863)

Dʋma wã sẽn pa tar yõodã

Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd wẽndẽ, b ra baood-b lame tɩ b maan yɩɩl sẽn tar tãb-biis ne tãb-bil sẽn yaa ne tãb sẽn be Ecosse tẽn-kɩremsã sẽn be rɩtg n tãag Iriland soolmã. La sẽn yaa to-to tɩ Gʋelik dũniyã sẽn be Ecosse la Iriland wã pa tar taab ye, b ra zoe n wilgame tɩ b pa wʋmd taab ye.

Arpã ra yaa Iriland sẽn yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã tʋʋm-teed sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd a taabã, la arpã ra tara yõod wʋsg ne nebã. A Brehon Tõogã ra tara noy wʋsg n wilgd rẽ. Hal tɩ b sẽn wa n be Iriland wã, b ra pa segd n zãad-b ne b sẽn yaa b karen-bi-taasã ye. A Donal O'Sullivan sẽn yaa tar-b kibarã pʋgẽ, a gʋlsa woto:

D tõe n yeelame tɩ yaa sɩd tɩ Protestãnd rãmbã sẽn da be tẽngã pʋgẽ yʋʋm a tãabo wã yagensã ra nonga Iriland yɩɩl wa sẽn da nongẽ wã.

Neb a taab sẽn yaa neb a taab sẽn get a Zeova yell ne b sũy fãa wã, b wilga a Zeova sẽn maan bũmb ningã yɩɩl nins a sẽn gʋlsã pʋgẽ. B pẽgda nin-kãsemdã t'a tara minim n tõe n bãng n bãng n yãkd yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ arfã, la a sẽn gomd bũmb ning b sẽn yetã, la sẽn wilgdẽ tɩ b tara yam.

Tuigsear nan teud,

Purpais gach sgèil,

Susbaint gach cèill nàduir.

B wilgame tɩ yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ harp la piibã sẽn ki wã yaa bũmb sẽn kɩt tɩ b ra tar pãng MacLeod zakẽ wã, la tɩ b ra tara rãam sẽn be bõn-yũudb sẽn yãgdã pʋgẽ me.

Gu àros nach crìon

Am bi gàirich nam pìob

Is nan clàrsach a rìs

Le deàrrsadh nam pìos

A' cur sàraidh air fìon

Is 'ga leigeadh an gnìomh òircheard.

Be, tãensã sẽn yaa gãnda wã tara b sẽn boond tɩ klàrsachã. A ra tõe n sõngame tɩ b yãk arfã, la tõe n kɩtame tɩ b tõog n lebg "tõnd yɩɩl" (ceòl mòr) sẽn yaa sõma. A sẽn yeel tɩ a pʋgkõorã yaa a Sir Donald MacDonald sẽn be Clanranald wã, yʋʋmd 1618 wã, wilgdame tɩ b ra gomda bagpipe wã yell hal pĩnd n yɩɩd pĩndã.

Is iomadh sgal pìobadh

Mar ri farrum nan dìsnean air clàr

Rinn mi èisdeachd a’d' bhaile.

Bũmb n be n wilgd tɩ yɩɩl ning b sẽn da boond tɩ klàrsach wã tõe n kɩtame tɩ b tũnug ne bagpipe wã. B goma gom-biis sẽn boond tɩ canntaireachd wã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn kɩtd tɩ b tõe n gʋlsd la b zãms nebã ceòl mòr wã yell pipi n yeel tɩ b gʋls-a lame yʋʋm 1226 wã. Sõng sẽn kẽed ne tema la b sẽn toeem ne b sẽn maand ne b sẽn maan ne b sẽn pa maand ne b to wã yaa toor ne taaba. B leb n boondẽ-b tɩ programsach-dãmb.

B gʋlsa neb kẽer yʋy sẽn pa ket n vɩ wã. A Duncan McIndeor sẽn da yaa zoeta, n ki yʋʋmd 1694 wã ra yaa a Campbell sẽn da yaa a soab n da wa be Auchinbreck wã, la a ra kẽngda Edimboor me. B gʋlsa "Ball of Meall" sẽn dat n yɩ 1683 soabã, tɩ b gʋls a Patrick McErnace sẽn yaa zo-beoog soaba, sẽn da yaa a Neill Campbell sẽn da yɩɩdã. B goma karẽn-bi-poakd a Manus McShire yell yʋʋmd 1688-704 wakatẽ. B goma a Neill Baine sẽn yaa tãb-bi-poak n yeel t'a yaa a Allan MacDonald sẽn yaa Clanranald tʋmtʋmd n gʋls-a lɛtr yʋʋmd 1702 soabã pʋgẽ. A Angus McDonald sẽn yaa arzõ wã paama ligd sẽn yaa a Menzies sẽn da kõ-a wã noor kiuug rasem 19 yʋʋm 1713 soabã, la a Markiz sẽn yaa a Huntly wã sõssã wilgame tɩ b yao-a lame n kõ arzõ-biis a yiib yʋʋmd 1714 soabã. B sẽn da yaa tãb-biis a taab n be wã yaa Rory Dall Morison (b sẽn ki yʋʋmd 1714), Lachlan Dall (b sẽn kii yʋʋmd 1721-1727) la Murdoch MacDonald (b sẽn kʋ yʋʋmd 1740).

Yʋʋm kobs a 18 soabã sʋka, "võogda" (bõogda) ra pa tar pãng n na n zĩnd ye. Yaa rẽ n kɩt tɩ b tar pãng wʋsg ne Gayɛll nebã.

B sẽn vʋʋg-b

A modern 'Celtic harp' in Canada

Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã sɩngrẽ, baa ne a sẽn da yaa wakat ning sẽn da yaa to-to wã, a Zeova yãka a Zeova Kaset rãmbã tɩ b maan a Zeova raabã. A ra tara kõob la a ra yaa wa piis-tõnd sẽn yaa wa piisã, la a ra maanda a John Egan sẽn da yaa piisã tigis-tãoog soab n be Dublin.

A sãn-soabã ra yaa bilf la a ra yaa bĩng wa pĩnd wẽndẽ klaarseach bɩ Irlandi harpa, la a ra tara kõ-yẽng n paas a sãn-doogã ra yaa vẽenega. Yʋʋmd 1890 wã, b ra tara tigis-n-taag sẽn wõnd a woto sẽn lebg wʋsg Ecosse, sẽn yɩ Gayɛll buud-goam siglgã kibayã pʋga.

La masã, b le pa le tar ratem ne arpã sẽn yaa ne telefõ wã ye. B maana kopi-rãmb la b maana vaeesg ne pĩnd wẽndẽ kibay la gom-biis nins b sẽn boond tɩ arpã wɛɛngẽ. Sẽn yaa kãseng n zĩnd a Celtic harp wã vʋʋgrã pʋgẽ yaa Edinburgh International Harp Festival, sẽn maand yʋʋmd fãa yʋʋmd 1982 wã n sɩng n tar yɩɩl la zãmsg karen-biis fãa.

Biiblã sẽn gomd bũmb ninsã

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• Bannerman, John (1991). "The Clàrsach and the Clàrsair". Scottish Studies, vol. 30 no. 3.
• Budgey, Andrea (2002). "Musical relations between Scotland and Ireland" [in] McDonald, R. Andrew, [ed.] Literature and Music in Scotland: 700–1560. University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0802036015; ISBN 978-0802036018.
• Caldwell, D.H., [ed.] (1982). Angels, Nobles and Unicorns: Art and Patronage in Medieval Scotland. Edinburgh: NMS.
• Cathcart, Cynthia (Summer 2009). "Silver report: Precious metal strings on the wire-strung harp". Folk Harp Journal, no. 143, pp. 34–43. available via wirestrungharp.com Archived 3 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine .
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• Farmer, Henry George (1947). A History of Music in Scotland, p. 280. London, UK.
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• Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Summer 2003). "Strings of Gold". The Historical Harp Society Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 9–15. available via annheymann.com Archived 19 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine .
• Lanier, Sara C. (1999). "'It is new-strung and shan't be heard': Nationalism and Memory in the Irish Harp Tradition". British Journal of Ethnomusicology, vol. 8.
• Lawlor, Helen (2012). Irish Harping, 1900–2010. Dublin: Four Courts Press, ISBN 978-1-84682-367-1.
• Le Govic, Tristan (2015). The Breton Harp Anthology (Antologiezh Telenn Breizh) Vol. II
• Newton, Michael & Cheape, Hugh (n.d.) "The Keening of Women and the Roar of the Pipe: From Clársach to Bagpipe, ca. 1600–1782". available via academia.edu Archived 25 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine .
• Ó Brógáin, Séamas (1998). The Irish Harp Emblem. Dublin, IE: Wolfhound Press, ISBN 0-86327-635-0.
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• Rensch, Roslyn (1989). Harps and Harpists, pp. 125–127. Indiana University Press.
• Rimmer, Joan (1964). "The Morphology of the Irish Harp". The Galpin Society Journal, no. 17.
• Rimmer, Joan (1984)[1969] The Irish Harp: Cláirseach na hÉireann, 3rd ed. The Mercier Press, ISBN 0-85342-151-X [1st ed. 1969; 2nd ed. 1977].
• Sanger, Keith & Kinnaird, Alison (1992). Tree of Strings – Crann nan Teud. Kinmor Music, ISBN 0-95112-044-1.
• Watson, J. Carmichael, [ed.] (1934). Gaelic Songs of Mary MacLeod. Blackie & Son. available via archive.org .
• Yeats, Gráinne (1980). Féile na gCruitirí, Béal Feirste [The Belfast Harpers' Festival] 1972. Gael Linn, ISBN 0-86233-025-4.

Zems-n-taase

• Irlãnd harpã b sẽn boond tɩ Historical Harp Society

• Yaa Chúirt Chruitireachta, sẽn yaa tẽn-zẽms harp karen-biisi, b sẽn maand yʋʋmd fãa Termonfeckin Co. Louth, Irlãnd Archived 13 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine
• The Clarsach Society/Comunn na Clarsaich, sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ Scotch harpã
• Edinburgh tẽn-tẽns harp kibsã
• Gɛt-rãmb nins b sẽn da tar Gɛt-rãmbã wakatẽ wã
• Arp rãmb la harp rãmb sẽn tar kibay sẽn be wirestrungharp.com pʋgẽ
• Gaelic Modes Web articles on Gaelic harp harmony and modes (Gaelic modes)
• A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn be Ãngeletɛɛr soolmẽ wã, b naaga taab n na n maan tigis-kãsems sẽn na yɩl n sõng nebã tɩ b bãng Wẽnnaam. 68)
• Asni: harp lore - "sẽn bilgd Erop harp buud toor-toor (ne yɩɩl makrã) "
• Keltik harpã sebre  - kibay sẽn tɩ loe ne keltik la harp buud a taab
• My Harp's Delight  - mam zãmsda keltik harpã, sagls la sɩlem, harpã raabo
• Teifi harps  -  Celtic & Folk harps in Wales
• "Tears, Laughter, Magic"  - A Interview with Master Celtic Harp Builder Timothy Habinski on AdventuresInMusic.biz, 2007
• Celtic Harp Amplification Series  -  sẽn tũ ne mikrofõ la gitɛɛr paas-n-taase ne nin-buiid harps
• Markwood Strings -  Kibay sẽn tɩ loe ne harp strings luglgo, harp strings luglg sebre
• [1] A Simon Chadwick sẽn gʋls seb-bil ning sẽn gomd Gɛlg harp yell

322: Harps

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