Chinese paper cutting
Sõngr sẽn yaa zaalem n yit Wikipedia pʋgẽ
| Subclass of | Art of paper cutting  |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | China |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00219, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00219, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00219 |
Paper cutting sɩngr ning sẽn da yaa seb-kãnga (Chinese: 剪紙; pinyin: jiǎnzhǐ) sẽn be China soolmẽ wã tõe n dat n yɩɩ yʋʋmd 2000 soabã, wakat ning a Cai Lun sẽn wa n naan seb-kãmã, sẽn yaa Eastern Han dynasty soolmã taoor soab n naan n naan sebã.
Sɩnay sɛb kaoob yaa Sɩnay sɛbã sẽn da yaa sõma wã me. B ra nong n tigimda ra-rãmbã ne seb-vẽndse, la b ra nong n dat n maneg n maneg n kẽed ne seb-kʋdse. B na n maana b toor-toor ne b sã n dat n maan bũmb n kõ-b la b maan-b ne b sãn-tɩrsã. B sẽn wa n maand tɩ b ra tõe n dɩk b sẽkã, b lebga Sɩnay nebã sẽn da nong n maandã. B sẽn da nong n pakd so-toakã la fẽnẽ wã yĩnga, b boond-b lame tɩ "fẽnẽ-rɩtgo" (窗花; chuāng huā) bɩ "fẽnẽnẽ-papir fẽnẽ". B sã n dat n maan woto, b sã n dat tɩ b maan bũmb n maan bũmb tɩ yɩ sõma, b tõe n kɩtame tɩ vẽenemã yãg zĩig ning b sẽn da yãkdã.[1] Naoor wʋsgo, b maanda bõn-naands ne seb-bil sẽn yaa miuug sẽn yaa wa b sẽn dat n wilg tɩ b yaa sũ-noog la sũ-noog ne Zĩ-naandb buud-goamã pʋsẽ, la b tũnugda ne balse. Naoor wʋsgo, b tũnugda ne bõn-naandsã b sẽn da tigim ne seb-papillã n maand kibs wala yʋʋmd ning sẽn wat ne Sɩngr kiuugã, kãadem la rogem sasa, bala b getame tɩ seb-naands nins b sẽn tigim ne b sẽn tigimd ne seb-gãosgã makda sũ-noog la sũ-noog.
Yeyre
tekreSɩngrẽ wã, b ra maanda sɛb-sɛb ne b yaab-rãmbã la b wẽn-sakdb fãa. Sã n yaa ne arheolozi sɛb, seb-sɛb sẽn yaa b sẽn da yãkd a to wã yita yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 6 soabã, baa ne neb kẽer sẽn tẽed tɩ b tõe n le maana a to wakat ning b sẽn boond tɩ Warring States wakat (sa-kẽnga sẽn deng yʋʋmd 3 sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã), hal tɩ pa sɩng ne seb-sɛbã sẽn da wa n naanã ye. Wakat kãnga, nebã ra tũnugda ne bõn-naands a taab wa vãad, sãnem, silk la selfsã n maand b sẽn pa tõe n maan bũmb ninsã. Rẽ poore, b sẽn wa n naan seb-kãngã, nebã bãngame tɩ b tõe n kaoo-a, n tall-a, la b lob-a. La seb-kãngã lebga seb-kãngã tʋʋm-kãsems tʋʋmde.
Baa ne sɛb sẽn da paam n naan yɩt wakat ning sẽn da yaa a Han soolmã wakatẽ wã, b ra rɩkda sɛb sẽn na yɩl n kaood la b raag bũmb sẽn yaa wa sãnem fool, silk la vãad n tɩ maneg-b tɩ b maan tɩ b maan maan tɩ b maneg-b sõma, hal tɩ b ra wa maan sɛb sẽn pa zems ye. A Tang soolmã sasa, b ra maanda karengã ne pãng wʋsgo, la b ra nong-a-la wʋsg Sɩngr soolmẽ wã. B ra maanda tʋʋm nins b sẽn da maand wakat ning b sẽn boond tɩ "Tang" wã. B ra maanda b sẽn da tõe n maan bũmb ninsã.
Song dynasty
tekreSong soolmã wakatẽ, Sɩngd sɛbã sɛbã sɛb ra lebga fɛɛg sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd, tɩ karen-biis nins sẽn paam zãmsgã naan maand tʋʋm-kãsemse. B tũnugda ne no-kãngã n na n manegd seb-kãnga, n naan maan-b wa b sẽn maand zĩm-biis. B sẽn da maand b sẽn da maand bũmbã ne karɛt sẽn tar kaam la b sẽn da tar b sẽn da maan bũmbã ne b sẽn da pak-a wã, b maana bũmb sẽn yaa b sẽn da gʋlsd bũmbã.[3]
Ming la Qing soolmẽ wã, b ra modgdda b mens n maand b sẽn tõe fãa n yiisd sebre. Nebã sẽn da tigimd b papẽ wã ra pʋgdame n paas nebã sʋka, la b wilg b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb wʋsg n wilg b sẽn maand bũmb ninsã. B ra maanda ne seb-sɛgd n manegd kʋɩl-rãmbã, fẽn-bɛdbã la b wallbã, n wilgd sũ-noog la b maand kibsã. Ming la Qing soolmã sasa, b ra maanda kareng n yɩɩd pipi wã. B tõe n maana bũmb toor-toor ne-ba, n paas lampiirã la fɩntɛɛrã, n paas fɩntɛrã fuugrã. B ra maanda karengã me, tɩ b maan karengã ne karengã, tɩ b manegd tẽn-kãngã ne kareng-kãsems a yiba zakẽ. A sẽn pa tol n zabd ne nebã wã wilgdame tɩ b yaa Sɩngla nebã n da maand b toorẽ bõn-naandsã, la b sẽn maand b toor-toor wã wilgda b sẽn get bũmb ninsã la b sẽn get b sẽn get to-to wã.
Ming la Qing soolmã wakat (1368-1912), bõn-naandsã yɩɩ bõn-naandg wakat sẽn yɩɩd wakat fãa. Yʋʋm tus a ye sẽn looge, neb (kãsenga yaa pagbã) n naan karẽn-biis n maan b sẽn tõe n maan n tɩge, n naan karẽng-biis buud toor-toore, n dɩk b kambã n kõ b kambã, n kɩt tɩ b bãngd karẽn-biiisã sẽn yaa to-to wã. Sẽn paase, rũndã-rũndã, Sɩnayẽ, b ket n maanda karengã.
B sẽn da maand bũmb ningã, paabã sã n wa lebg wa b sẽn dat n dɩka, a tõe n wa sãamame. Sɩngd-soas-dũni wã sẽn be zĩ-wẽngẽ wã, zĩig ning sa-kãnga sẽn yaa zĩ-kãnga, bõn-kãng kɩtdame tɩ seb-peelemã lebg n wa n kʋdgd n kʋdga tao-tao. Rẽ kɩtame tɩ neb sẽn be zĩ - rɩtgo wã pa maand seb-peelmã ye. Sẽn yaa to-to wã, wakat ning sẽn be Sɩni soolmã sẽn be sa-nyãm-rʋʋgẽ wã yaa kʋɩl-kãseng n kɩt tɩ b tõe n yãe b sẽn da maand bũmb nins sẽn yaa seb-kʋd sẽn da be sa-kãsengã soolmã pʋgẽ wã Turpan, Sinkiang soolmẽ wã.
Beelgo
tekreBãngrã sẽn yaa kʋdemdã la b sẽn nong n yɩɩd yaa b sẽn maandã. B tõe n pʋɩ-a lame tɩ yaa zĩ-kãsengã la rɩtgo. Kibɩg-tẽngã sẽn yaa Yangzhou, Jiangsu soolmẽ wã, la Zhejiang soolmẽ wã wã, a Yueqing soolmẽ wã me n wilgd a sẽn maandã. Gʋls-n-soab ning sẽn be be Hebei soolmẽ wã, sẽn yaa Yuxian ne Fengning soolmẽ wã la b sẽn maand n yɩɩd yaa Shaanxi soolmẽ wã. B sã n yãkd seb-vẽng n na n maan bõn-naandsã, b na n maana-a-la ne b sẽn pa tar n yãk-a wã. B sẽn da maand bõn-naandsã yaa toor-toore. Sẽn mik tɩ yaa rapã n nong n koosd seb-vẽng sẽn yaa bĩng n yiisd b seb-vɛɛgã, b sẽn maand b seb-viisã pʋgẽ wã wilgda b sẽn tõe n maan to-to n yɩ ne koodã, b sẽn tõe ne b sẽn tõe fãa n maan to wã, b sẽn na n maan to - to wã, la b sẽn tõe tɩ yɩ ne b sẽn na yɩl n tall b sẽn tõe to-to wã.
A bélg're
tekre
Sɩngd-rɩtg sẽn yaa bũmb ning b sẽn maand ne Sɩngd buud-goamã sẽn tar minimã yaa bũmb ning sẽn tar minim wʋsg sẽn yit b sẽn maandã pʋgẽ. B sɩngda ne fot-yend sẽn yaa toor ne taab n yaool n maan tɩ b naan ningd-a-la ne taab n kɩt tɩ b tall-a n tall n tall n kõ-a. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn maandã yaa vẽenega, la b wilgd bũmb nins b sẽn maand daar fãa wã. Sɩngrã ne a Zeova zoodã sẽn tar pãng wã kɩtame tɩ b tõe n paam sũ-noog la sũ-noog buud toor-toorã. Yaa rẽ yĩng la b tũnugd ne-a n maand bũmb nins sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo, wala kãadem la kibsã. B sẽn da maandã, b ra pa le tõe n maan bũmb nins b sẽn da maand ye.
A Maansem
tekreRũndã-rũndã, b tũnugda ne b sẽn maand b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã n manegd b zʋgdã. Sɩngr kiuugã la yʋʋm-paalã sasa, Sɩngr nebã wʋsg manegda b meng ne b meng seb-vẽndẽ wã n wilg b sẽn nong-b n na n maan bũmb ning. B leb n dɩka b teedã n maneg b yiri, b yiri, fɩtlã la fɩtl-rãmbã, la b kõt-b-la kũun wʋsgo. Sẽn paase, b sã n ning b seb-vẽngã n ning-a noorẽ wã, b makda sũ-noog. Nin-kãensã sẽn maand woto wã na n manegda b zakã ne b zu-loees nins b sẽn maandã. Rũndã-rũndã, b sẽn yãkd b sẽbgã yaa b sẽn na n manegd b mens ne bũmb ninsã. B sẽn maand woto wã kɩtame tɩ b tõe n maan n kõ nebã kũunã, wall b tõe n kõ-b-la kũunã. B yetame tɩ b sã n ning b seb-n-taagã wall b sẽn ning-a-a-la a noorẽ wã, b na n kɩtame tɩ b paam sũ-noog wʋsgo. B ra tũnugda ne seb-sɛgdb n yãkd b toor-toorã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa b sẽn da maand b sẽn dat n modgd b teedã la b sẽn maand b sẽn boond tɩ laakã. Kom-bɩɩsã tũnugda ne b sẽn da tigim b sebrã ne b teedã n manegd b sebrã.
B ra maanda b sẽn tõe n wilg nebã b sẽn dat n maan bũmb ninsã, b sẽn mi b sẽn maand bũmb ninsã, la b sẽn nong n wilg b sẽn mi bũmb ninsã. B sẽn maan bũmb nins b sẽn maand ne seb-kãnga wã võor yaa toor-toore. Neb kẽer gomda b sẽn dat n paam koodã bɩ b vɩɩmã sẽn yaa arzɛk wʋsgo, tɩ b get-b ne sãnem koodã, rũmsã la tɩɩsã sẽn tar pãng ne b vɩɩmã, la b get-ba tɩ b tara sũ-noog wʋsgo, karp sẽn yi zũndã noorẽ (Zĩ-tẽng kibar sẽn wilgd tɩ b na n paama vɩɩm sẽn yaa sõma), polkatsã, gɩgemsã, kylinsã (Zĩn-tẽng sẽn yaa bõn-vɩɩm), jade tãnsã (tõnd sẽn yit Sɩng lagem-n-taar pʋgẽ), gerãndã la peoniesã. Bãngr-goam a taab pʋsẽ, b tara nin-kãensã sẽn yaa kibay la b sẽn get b sẽn get to-to wã, wala rĩm-bil ning sẽn yaa Zĩis-gãandã, a Ko-kɩɩm (牛郎; niúláng) la a Weaver Girl (织女; zhīnǚ) sẽn yãag taabã, la b goma pʋ-peelem ning sẽn be b kambã pʋ-peelmã yelle. B tõe n maana bõn-naands n wilg tɩ nebã sũur nooma ne vɩɩmã, wala b sẽn maan papillã n yãkd pope wã ne zu-loees a yiib sẽn yaa bĩngr a yembr a to zugẽ, wall zĩm sẽn zoet koom lotus tɩɩsã pʋgẽ.
Symbolic use
tekreSɩngr-rãmbã sẽn yaa wʋsg ne karẽn-biis nins b sẽn gʋlsd ne seb-kãnga yaa 福 (tõnd sẽn dat n yeel tɩ sũ-noog soaba) la ⁇; xǐ (tõnda sẽn dat n yeelame tɩ sũ-noogo). A 福 yaa sũ-noog makda, la b wae n maand-a lame yʋʋmd paalgã sasa, n na n kõ-a-la bark la arzɛk yʋʋmd ning sẽn watã yĩnga. B sẽn boond tɩ ⁇ wã yaa kãadem la b tũnugd ne-a n wilgd tɩ b tara sũ-noog naoor a yiibu, la b tẽedame tɩ b kãadmã na n yɩɩ noogo. B sẽn yãkd b teedã yaa bũmb sẽn tar yõod wʋsg ne Sɩni wã buud-goamã, la b nong-b-la b sẽn maandã yĩnga.
Sɩngr-rãmbã sẽn yaa wʋsg ne karẽn-biis nins b sẽn gʋlsd ne seb-kãnga yaa 福 (tõnd sẽn dat n yeel tɩ sũ-noog soaba) la ⁇; xǐ (tõnda sẽn dat n yeelame tɩ sũ-noogo). A 福 yaa sũ-noog makda, la b wae n maand-a lame yʋʋmd paalgã sasa, n na n kõ-a-la bark la arzɛk yʋʋmd ning sẽn watã yĩnga. B sẽn boond tɩ ⁇ wã yaa kãadem la b tũnugd ne-a n wilgd tɩ b tara sũ-noog naoor a yiibu, la b tẽedame tɩ b kãadmã na n yɩɩ noogo. B sẽn da maand woto wã yaa Sɩngr buud-goamã mak-sõngo, la b nong-b-la b sẽn maand to-to wã yĩnga Song la Yuan dynasties.
Educational use
tekreSɩngd-rɩtgã yaa zãmsg tʋʋm sẽn zãmsd kambã Sɩngd buud-gomd la buud-gomdã la a sẽn yaa sõma wã, la b zãmsd-b Sɩngd kʋdemdã. B sã n maand b sẽn tõe n kɩt tɩ b tʋbd b sẽkã, b sõngd-b lame tɩ b tõogd n maand b tʋʋmã sõma, b manegd b nus ne b ninã, b manegda b tʋbgã, la b manegd n maand bõn-naandsã.[6]
Sɩngr buud toor-toor n tõe n maan ne seb-kãnga. B sã n dat n maan woto, b sã n dat tɩ b tigim bũmb ning b sẽn maandã ne b sãnemã, b sãnda b sãnda ne seb-n-taagã, b pakda seb-nẽegr a nii. Sɩngr-kʋdga yaa b sẽn tõe n maan ne seb-kʋdg bɩ ne sʋʋs n yãk seb-kʋdg a ye bɩ a taab n yãkd seb-kʋdã. B sẽn da wa n maand woto wã kɩtame tɩ b paamd b mens n paasd b kamb nif fãa, bala b segd n paama minim wʋsgo. Bãagrã sẽn naan yɩllã baooda zĩis wʋsgo, tɩ b baooda b sẽn na n yãk bũmbu, la b baooda bũmb nins b sẽn dat n maan n kõ-b la b bao n kõ-ba.[6] B leb n leb n lebgd-a lame n dɩkd a sẽn yaa bũmb ning n na n maan n wilg a sẽn maand to-to wã. Rẽ poore, bɩ y maan kareng ne sik-m-meng bɩ ne sʋʋg n kao a sẽn vẽegdã neere. Sẽn paase, b pakda seb-vẽngã n wilg b sẽn naan maan-a to-to wã, tɩ b tõe n maneg-a lame, n paas n paas bũmb nins b sẽn dat n maan n wilg-a wala b sã n dat n yeel tɩ yaa vẽenega, la a yaa vẽenega. Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n naan seb-gũudã, yaa tɩlae tɩ ned maan sũ-mar, a bãng n bãng n bãng a sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã, la a tall minim n maan b sẽn tõe fãa.
Scissor construction method
tekreB sã n dat n maan n naan n maan nãag ne sik-m-mengã, b sã n dat tɩ b naan n naanã, b segd n tigma seb-vẽng n naan n tigma a taab ne sik-miis sẽn tar pãng. Woto kɩtame tɩ b tõe n yãkd seb-vʋʋs wʋsg n kɩt tɩ b tall taab n paasdẽ.[6]
Knife construction method
tekreLa b sã n dat n maan woto, b tõe n kɩtame tɩ b maan bũmb n yãk b toor-toor n yãk b sẽn tõe n maan to-to. B sã n maand woto, b ningda seb-vʋʋg ne tallow seb-vɩɩg n ningd-a. B sã n tũ noy kẽer sẽn yaa sõma, b sã n yãkd-b n dat n gʋls-b-la, b sãnda b na n dɩka ne sʋʋg sẽn tar kãn-kãe n kɩt tɩ b tall-b-a. B sẽn yaa minim dãmba tõe n kɩtame tɩ b yãkd b toor-toor b sẽn maandã, la b pa segd n tũ noy ye.
Ges-y me
tekreSebtiise
tekre- ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/23208592
- ↑ http://www.chinashj.com/ysll_ysllsy/12386.html
- ↑ https://www.eastimpression.com/culture.asp?id=764
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 https://www.eastimpression.com/culture.asp?id=764
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20230513200632/https://www.86lsw.com/whls/133530.html
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 https://wenyi.gmw.cn/2021-09/12/content_35157258.htm
- ↑ https://www.ihchina.cn/jianzhi.html