Doina

music genre
Subclass of	Romanian folk music, traditional folk song
Country of origin	Romania
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00192, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00192, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00192

B sẽn boond tɩ Doina (Romẽ gom-biiga: [ˈdojna]) yaa Romẽ yɩɩl-yɩɩll sẽn tar yẽg sẽn yit Moyen-Orientẽ, sẽn be Romẽ tẽn-kɩrmsã yɩɩlã pʋgẽ, la Lăutărească pʋgẽ. B leb n dɩk-a lame n kẽes klezmer mizikã pʋgẽ.^[1]

B tõe n yãa yɩɩl sẽn wõnd woto Erop yaanga la Balkans soolmã fãa. Balkans tẽns kẽere, b boonda mizik kãnga tɩ scaros bɩ scaru.

B sẽn yitẽ la b sẽn yaa to-to

A Béla Bartók yãa doina sẽn be Transilvani soolmẽ wã yʋʋmd 1912 la a ra tẽedame t'a yaa Romã buud bala. A sẽn wa n mik tɩ buud-goam a taab n be Oukrayn, Albani, Alzeeri, Moyen-Orient la Ẽnd soolmã rɩtgã, a wa n tagsame tɩ b yaa buud a taab sẽn yit Araab la Pɛrs soolmẽ wã.^[2] Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, a kɩtame tɩ Rom doina wã zems ne Turke/Araab Makamã. A Bartók sẽn wa ne bũmb ningã, Romẽ etnomusicologs kẽer zãgsame, n yeel t'a Bartók ra yaa neb sẽn kis Romẽ nebã. Baasg zãnga, Romã doina ne tẽns a taab sẽn be Moyen-Orientã yɩɩl toɛy-toɛyã wõnda taaba, tɩ bãngdb sẽn pa Romã la Romã rãmb me wilg rẽ. Hal tɩ ta yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã pipi pʋɩ-sʋkã, b ra gʋlsda lăutari-rãmbã la klezmer-rãmbã sẽn da tũnugd ne taksim n sɩngd yɩɩlã. B wa n na n ledga taksimã ne doina, sẽn wõnd taksimã, baa ne a sẽn pa wõnd taksimã zãng-zãngã. Romẽ etnomusikolog la yɩɩl-gʋlsd a Grigore Leşe, a sẽn wa n yɩɩl ne Irãn yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sull a ye wã, a mikame tɩ Maramureş doinasã tara "tõnd sẽn zems ne" Araab ne Pɛrs mizikã.^[3]^[4]

A doina yaa yɩɩl sẽn tar reem sẽn yaa toor-toore, sẽn tar bõn-naands wʋsgo, la sẽn pa reem ye. 8] B sẽn maand improvizã wã yaa wa b sẽn maand bũmb sẽn pa toeemd ye. (Nebã nong n kẽnda sẽn na n yɩlẽ tɩ b bãng b sẽn na n maan to-to, n paas b sẽn na n maan to-to tɩ b bãng b sẽn na n maan to-to, tɩ zems ne sẽn maand-a wã yam la a tagsgo. Naoor wʋsgo, yɩɩll nins sẽn kaoosdã yaa yɩɩl a naas bɩ a nu soabã sẽn yɩɩd pipi yɩɩlã.

B sẽn boond tɩ doinas-rãmbã yaa yɩɩl-yend la yɩɩl-yend la b yɩɩla ne yɩɩl-yend sẽn yaa toor-toore, sẽn yit zĩig ne a to: sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yend (măi, hei, dui-dui, iuhu), sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yend sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yendã, sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yend sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yendã, la a taaba.^[5] B sẽn boond tɩ doinasã yaa yɩɩl b sẽn maand ne yɩɩl sẽn yaa nana, sẽn nong n yaa yɩɩl buud toor-toore, wall yɩɩl sẽn pa tar pãng wʋsg wa sebre. B sẽn boond tɩ doina wã yaa yɩɩl sẽn pa tũud ne kibsã, la b sẽn nong n yɩɩnd a toore, n tar yam-vɩɩm sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo: sẽn na yɩl n "lems ned sɩɩgã" (de stâmpărare ne Romã). A Grigore Leşe tẽedame tɩ bãngdbã sã n bilgd doinã tʋʋm-nood sõma, b pa wʋmd a tagsgã võor sõma ye. Doinasã yaa yɩɩl-yɩɩn-yɩɩnse, la b gom-zẽn yaa sũ-sãamsã, tʋlsem (dor), tʋlsem sẽn kẽed ne pag ne rao lagem-n-taar wɛɛngẽ, nonglem ne tẽngã, yẽgemd ne vɩɩmã sũ-sãamsã, bɩ b sẽn pʋʋsd Wẽnnaam n kotẽ t'a sõng-b tɩ b paam sũ-sãangã, la a taaba.

Sẽn yaa lebend ne tẽn-kɩremsã doinasã, b nong n lagemd-b lame la b wẽed-b ne teed sẽn yaa toogo (violin, pan-pipe, cymbalom, accordéon, clarinet, tarogato, la a taab). Sẽn paase, sẽn yaa lebend ne tẽn-kɩremsã doinasã, b nong n yɩɩndda lăutar la klezmer doinasã sẽn na yɩl n wilg tɩ yɩɩll a to, sẽn nong n yaa reem n be beẽ wã sɩngre.

Rom-rãmbã sẽn da be Rom soolmẽ wã, b ra boond-b lame tɩ cântec de ascultare (sẽn dat n yeel tɩ yɩɩll sẽn na yɩl n kelge). B sẽn boond tɩ cântec de ascultare wã yalga Rom soolmã babs a taab pʋsẽ, la b tara yɛl toor-toor b sẽn maand be.

Klezmer Doinas sẽn be wã tara Hasidic niguns pãn-tusdg zugu.

Doina buud toor-toor

Hora lungă - Maramureş.
Ca pe luncă - found along the Danube.
Oltului - found along the Olt River.
De codru - codru means "forest".
Haiduceşti (cântece haiduceşti, Cântece de haiducie) - "haiduc's songs" haiduc means "outlaw" or "brigand".
Ca din tulnic - unique type in which the melody imitates a type of Alpenhorn called the tulnic.
Ciobanului - shepherd's doina.
De dragoste - popular form, usually about love; dragoste means "love".
De jale - mellow, mournful doina; jale means "grief".
De leagăn - a lullaby; leagăn means "cradle".
De pahar - drinking song; pahar means "drinking glass".
Foaie verde - classical form; literally "green leaf".
Klezmer - played by Jewish musicians from Bessarabia and Moldavia.

Zĩ-kãnga

Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã sɩngrẽ wã, yɩɩl-yɩɩllã ra yaa yɩɩl-yɩɩllã buud ning sẽn da tar pãng n yɩɩdã (bõn-yɛng pʋsẽ, yaa yɩɩl-yɩɩllã buud bal la sẽn da tar pãng n yɩɩdã). La rũndã-rũndã, yɩɩl-yɩɩllã pa le tar pãng ye. B sẽn wa n boond-a tɩ "musique populaire" wã, b wa n talla manesem-paalg sẽn kɩt tɩ tẽn-kɩrmsã buud-goam lebg toor-toore.

Baasgo, doina ket n yaa bũmb b sẽn nong n boond tɩ lăutari Ardeal la Banat soolmẽ wã.

Yʋʋmd 1976 wã, BBC tũudum televiziõ wã sẽn boond tɩ The Light of Experience wã reega a Gheorge Zamfirã yɩɩlã sẽn yaa "Doina De Jale" wã n maan a yɩɩlã. Epic Records yiisa yɩɩllã wa a yembr la a Mad

Sebtiise

[1] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ZTQ7hzTUBJoC&pg=PA97

[2] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=aSDMIkq_ds8C&pg=PA11

[3] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20131016164314/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Arts/music/Ethnomusic/Ethoworld/Romanian.htm

[4] ttp://www.crestinortodox.ro/interviuri/interviu-artistul-grigore-lese-126034.html

[5] ttps://archive.today/20240524224955/https://www.webcitation.org/5qp3e9OPb?url=http://hemingways-studio.org/dictionary/Entries/S13339.htm

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