Wikipidiya

Karota-ramba

Karotã :en:Daucus_carota Daucus carota]] subsp. sativus) yaa tɩɩg sẽn tar yẽgr sẽn yaa nasaar. Karotã yaa tɩɩg sẽn ka sãamd yʋʋm a yiibu. Pipi, a sã n wa bɩtame, a na n paama vãad wʋsgo. Sẽn bɩt-b tao-tao wã bɩtame, kiis a tãab pʋgẽ (daar 90), tɩ sẽn bɩt-b tao-tao wã bɩt kiuug a ye n paase (daar 120). Zʋrã tara alfa-karotɛn la beta-karotɛn wʋsgo.[1][2]

Tigimsã rɩɩb la tʋʋlg siglgã (FAO) wilgame tɩ karɛt la rap (tɩɩs-kãensã sẽn naag taab ne FAO wã) sẽn be dũniyã gill zugã yɩɩ tone milyõ 40 yʋʋmd 2018 wã pʋgẽ, tɩ dũni gill koodã 45% yaa Siini. B nong n wãbda karõnd sẽn ka rɩt bɩ b sẽn dɩt-a n dɩtẽ.

A yaa tɩɩg sẽn tar yʋʋm a yiib pʋgẽ, sẽn yit Apiaceae, tɩ b sɩng n wubd vãad sẽn yaa kãsenga.

Sẽn yaa-b tɩt-a-la-la-tõogo, b sã n bʋd bõn-buudã, b bɩɩdd n kaoosd kiuug a tãabo (rasem 90), tɩ sẽn yaa-b n bʋd n kaoos n kaoosd rasem 120 (yaoolem daar a 20).

Tẽns Tigims Tigims Tigils Tẽngã (FAO) wilgame tɩ yʋʋmd 2020 wã, dũni gill sẽn naan karɛt ne karɛtã (bõn-gãos-kãense fãa yaa FAO n naag taab) yɩɩ ton milyõ 41, tɩ yaa China n naan karɛtã sẽn yɩɩd 44% dũniyã gill zugu.

Sɩngre

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A depiction oflabeled a"garden" carrot from the Juliana Anicia Codex, a copy, written in Constantinople in 515 AD, of Dioscorides' 1st century AD Greek work. The facing page states that "the root can be cooked and eaten."[3]

B gʋls gom-biig ning pipi n gʋls Inglẽn-dãmba yʋʋmd 1530 wã pʋgẽ, la b zãmsa gom-biis sẽn yaa France sẽn be sʋka wã karotte, [1] la a meng yita Latin karōta wã pʋgẽ, sẽn yit pĩnd wẽndẽ Gɛrk gom-biigẽ καρωτόν (karōtón), sẽn yit Proto-Indo-European buud-gomdã pʋgẽ *ker- ('karõ') sẽn yaa a wa rogã yĩnga.

Angletɛɛr kʋdemdã pʋgẽ, karɛɛt (tõnd sẽn da yaa pemse wakat kãnga) pa welg ne karɛɛg ye: b boond-b lame tɩ moru, la b boond-a lame tɩ morog (proto-Indo-Eurpean *mork- 'rɩt sẽn tõe n dɩ', vɛrsemã Möhre bɩ Rus морковь (morkov)).[ sõsg sẽn yaa tɩlae]

Rɩll toor-toor pʋsẽ, b ket n tũnugda ne gom-biig a yembr n gomd karotã yell wa b sẽn tũnugd ne gom-bi-rãmbã sẽn gomd yẽgre yelle. Wala makre, yaa ne Dutch karotã.[4]

Etemologi

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Kibsa sẽn gʋlsd la bãngd sẽn kẽed ne molekular rogem wã wilgdame tɩ b sẽn naan n kõ-a wã yaa Azi sẽn be Central Azi wã bal.] A yaab-rãmbã sẽn yaa weoogẽ wã tõe n yii Pɛrsi (b sẽn yaa Irã la Afganistã masã), tɩ yaa rẽ n kɩt tɩ b ket n yaa weoog sẽn yaa weoogã.

B ra rɩtga sãnemã buud toor-toor sẽn be zĩig ning fãa, la b ra rɩt-a lame. B sẽn sɩng n bʋt-b wã, b ra bʋt-a lame n dat n bãng b sãnemã la b bõn-buudã sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd b yẽgã. B yãa karõog bõn-buud Swis la Alemayn soolmẽ wã yʋʋmd 2000-3000 sẽn deng Kirist wakatã. B ket n bɩɩda karõt-rãmbã neb kẽer sẽn yaa a zak rãmb tɩ b tõe n dɩd-b tɩ b lebg b sãn-tɩrsã la b bõn-buudã, wala parsley, koriandr, fenkle, anise, dill la kumine.

Pipi gom-biis sẽn gomd yẽgã yell b sẽn gʋlsd pĩnd wẽndẽ wã yaa yʋʋmd 100 soabã; Rom dãmba rɩka tɩɩg sẽn boond tɩ pastinaca,[5] sẽn tõe n yaa waorgo, wall sẽn yaa a taab sẽn pa be ne-a ye.[6]

B wilga bõn-kãng la b wilg-a-la Rom-rʋma wã sẽn boond t'a Juliana Anicia Codex wã pʋgẽ, sẽn yaa yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 6 soabã sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1000 soabã pʋgẽ, la sẽn yaa sebr sẽn yit Constantinople sẽn be Gɛrk pisgã Dioscorides sẽn gʋls yʋʋm kob-kãng pipi yʋʋm kob-koglgẽ wã sẽn boond tɩ De Materia Medica wã pʋgẽ. B wilga bõn -poakã buud a tãab sẽn yaa toor-toorã, la seb-gʋlsgã pʋgẽ b yeelame tɩ "b tõe n dɩt-b la b rɩt-b yẽgã".[7] Seb-kãngã kopi a to, sẽn yaa Codex Neapolitanes sẽn be yʋʋm kob-kĩnd a 6 wã saabã wall yʋʋm kob-kʋm-vyẽ wã sɩngrẽ wã, yaa sẽn yaa a yembr ne seb-kãensã, la a yẽgã yaa wa ne waad sẽn yaa ne pemsem.[8]

Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 10 soabã pʋgẽ, Afganistan la Afganistan n da tar karɩt-kãngã. Yʋʋm kob-kãng pʋgẽ, Zʋɩf karen-saamb a Simeõ Seth sẽn yaa yʋʋm kob-gĩnda 11 soabã n wilg karɩt sẽn yaa miuug la wũnd, la yʋʋm kob-kãng yʋʋm kob-koglgã Arab-Andalusi wã sẽn yaa yʋʋm kɛmɛs 12 soabã nin-poak soab a Ibn al-'Awwam.[9][2]

A yaa Dutch sẽn naan-a wã n naan-a. A yaa Dutch n naan- a. A yaa ne foto rãmb n wilgd t'a ra be hal yʋʋmd 512, la yaa vẽeneg tɩ a pa yɩ buud sẽn pa tar pãnga hal tɩ Dutch rãmbã wa n dog-a n boond t'a yaa "Long Orange" yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 17 soabã saabẽ, la yʋʋm kob-kãng sɩngre.[10]

Neb kẽer yetame tɩ Holland nebã ra naan-b-la yaa ne b sẽn na n waoogd a Waland tẽnga bãndgã la a Willem sẽn yaa Orangã, la b yetame tɩ b pa tar kaset sẽn wilgd tɩ yaa sɩda.[11]

A John Aubrey (1626-1697) sẽn yaa Ingle-rãmbã sẽn maand pĩnd wẽndẽ wã wilgame tɩ "rɩt-rɩtgã ra deng n bʋta Beckington, Somersetshire. Rɩt-roagd a ye sẽn be be wã [ yʋʋmd 1668] tẽega b sẽn wa n wa ne-a zĩig ningã".[12] Europẽ neb sẽn yi tẽn-kãng n tɩ yi wã kɩtame tɩ rɩt-rã kẽed ne Amerik sẽn da be koloni wã yʋʋmd 1600 soabã pʋgẽ.[13]

B ra tara karõog sẽn yaa wa ne yĩn-bi-pɛɛlga, la b ra yaa wa ne waor sẽn yaa waor sẽn pa tar-b ne waorẽ wã, la b koosda b sẽn da tar-b yʋʋmd 2002 wã.[14]

Bilgri

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Daucus carota yaa tɩɩg sẽn yaa yʋʋm a yiibu. Yʋʋmd a pipi wã, a sãn-tɩrgã fãaga sukr wʋsgo, tɩ b tall-a-la a zugẽ n kõ-a pãng t'a tõe n maan tɩ a yi-kãnga maan fuug yʋʋmd a yiib soabã. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda] mos_Latnmos_Latnmos_Latn be be be La b sã n wa n wa n yãgdẽ, b sã n yãgd tɩ b pa tarẽ wã, b pa tõe n yãgd-a ye. Bãagã sẽn be yĩngri wã yaa bõn-buudã. Sẽn sɩng ne a sãnemã, a sãnemdã sã n wa puk n wa pukẽ, a sãnda a sãnem n wa pukdẽ. Bãag sẽn pʋgdã yaa toor-toore (b sẽn tar bãn-yend n paas ne bãn-n-tɩrgã), b yaa b sẽn maand ne bãn n paas b sẽn tar bẽedã, la b yaa bãn-bãn-nẽems sẽn pakd bẽedgã. Bãadã sẽn wa n bɩ wã, b sã n wa n dɩka b sãnemã, b sãnda b sãnda-b lame. Bãagã sẽn be tẽng zug bala, b pa tar pãng ye, la b pa tar tẽms ye. B sã n wa n tar bõn-buudã, b na n kɩtame tɩ b yɩ kãn-kãe n wa lebg tɩlem.[15]Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b yaa ne bã-gãong sẽn yaa bĩng sẽn yaa bẽdg (phloem) la b sẽn yaa b tẽngr (xylem). B sẽn dɩkd karɩt-rãmbã n dɩkd b toorẽ wã, b tara karɩt sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd karɩtã. Baa ne tɩ ka tõe n paam tɩ b yiis karɩt sẽn pa tar xylem wã zãng ye, b buud kẽer tara karɩt-rãmba sẽn yaa bilf la b yĩn-gãong sẽn yaa kãsenga; b tõe n wa n yeel tɩ karɩtã pa tar karɩt ye, b sã n wa tar karɩtɩs la karɩtgã sẽn yaa toor-toorã. Bãagrã yaa sẽng la b yaa gãndb la b yaa b sẽn yaa b sẽn tarã, baa ne b sẽn yaa silindr la b sẽn yaa balg-na-tɩrsã. Roogã sẽnem tõe n yɩɩg cm 1 (3⁄8 in) n ta cm 10 (4 in) sẽn yaa a sẽn yaa a zãagdã.

Rɩ-rɩtgã bɩɩsgã sɩngda, tɩ b sẽn naan n naan n naan tɩ b lebg tɩ b lebg n naan n tall tɩ b tõe n tall tɩb n paas tɩ b lebg bẽdg la b lebg b tɩbdo. Bãngrã yaa bĩng sẽn yaa bĩnd sẽn yaa bẽnd sẽn yaa a yembr, la bĩnd fãa tara bĩnd a wãn sẽn yaa bẽn-biis sẽn yaa bõnd sẽn yaa bilfã. Pipi (prãma) bẽngã yaa bẽng ning sẽn be bẽngdã baasgẽ. Bẽngã sẽn yaa bilfã yaa b bẽng sẽn yaa pipi wã, la b lebg bẽng a tãab soaba, a naas soaba, la b yaool n lebg bẽnge.[15]mos_Latnmos_Latnmos_Latn be be be Bãag-kãseng sẽn yaa pipi wã tõe n tara bõn-naands 50 n paas, tɩ b fãa tõe n tar bõn-naandb 50 n ta. Bõn-buudb kẽer yaa bilf la b yaa pemse, tɩ kẽer yaa vãad bɩ kẽem. B tara bõn-buud a nu, tɩb-bõoneg a nu, la bõn-buug a ye. Naoor wʋsgo, b sã n wa paam tɩ b pa tar bẽedã, b sãame n wa puk n lʋɩ. Bãag-b-la b sã n wa puk b tɩ-tɩrsã, b sã n pa tar b tɩ-tẽngã, b sãn-tɩrsgã sãn-tõndã sãn-taagã sãn pa le pukd sõma. B sã n wa tar tɩbg sẽn pa tar tɩbgã, b leb n ningda b tɩbg n pa lʋɩ ye. A sẽn tar nektarã bee karpelã zut zugu.[15]

B sã n wa maandẽ, b sã n wa lebg n wa yaa b yagengẽ, b yiisda b bugum-vɩɩs tɩ b ra wa paam tɩ b yĩn-vɩɩsdã ra wa pak-b ye. B sẽn maand woto wã yaa wa b sẽn boond tɩ b sẽn boond b tɩ b "kẽengã" wã. Bãada pipi n yikd b yĩng n be b sẽn boond tɩ b "mbel" wã, la b yikd b toorẽ wã.[8] mos_Latnmos_Latnmos_Latn be be be Bãag-n-taag sã n dat n yi, a sã n yi, b tõe n paama kibs rasem 30 bɩ rasem 50. B sẽn tar b tɩɩsã la b tɩɩsã sẽn tar b tɩlmã, b sẽn tar b bugumã, b sẽn maand bõn-buudã. Sẽn paase, b sã n wa tar bõn-buudã, b na n kɩtame tɩ b lebg n wa lebg n wa n wa n yaa wa b sẽn pa tar b sẽn pa tõe n yã ye.[15]

A sã n wa bɩ, a yaa bõn-buud sẽn tar bõn-buudu, tɩ b fãa yaa bõn-naands sɩd-sɩd. B sã n wa kõ-b koomã, b tõe n welg-b lame. B pa rat tɩ b welg-b tɩ b ra wa tigs ye, bala b tõe n sãama bõn-buudã. B sẽn yaa tɩlɛ tɩ b yĩm tɩ b sã n wa rɩt b tɩgã, b na n dɩka b tɩgã. A sẽn yaa wa a sẽn yaa wa bĩngã tara a nu. Sẽn yaa wa ne a sã n yaa a sã n wa n yaa a sẽn na n yɩlẽ n yɩ sõma, a sã n da wa n yaa wa a sã n pa tar a sã n tar a sãnem, a sãn yaa a sãn-kãnga, a sãnda sãn-kɛga. Sẽn paase, bõn-buudã tara zu-loees la kʋɩl-dãmb me. Bõn-buudã yaa toor-toore, b sẽn tar n yɩɩd bõn-buud 500 n ta 1000 gram pʋgẽ. [15] Karõt yaa bõn-buud sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ diploid (dẽn-dẽn-to-to-dẽn) la a tara chromosomes a 9 sẽn yaa bilf la sẽn tar sẽk sẽn yaa to-to (2n=18).[2][3] B wilgame tɩ b sẽn tar genome wã yaa neb a 473 mega base paare, sẽn yɩɩd a Arabidopsis thaliana naoor a naase, la a yaa wa b sẽn tar koodã genome wã pʋɩ-sʋk n yɩɩd a nu-biiga, la a sẽn yaa wa rũm-gãongã. [16]

A kimistr

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Polyacetylene wã be Apiaceae tɩɩsẽ wala karobẽ wã pʋgẽ, b sẽn wilgd tɩ b yaa bõn-vɩɩs sẽn tar tɩtgã. [17][18]A falcarinol ne falcarindiol (cis-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diene-3,8-diol) [19] yaa bõn-kãens. Sẽn paase, b wilgame tɩ b maanda fõnd sẽn na yɩl n tõog n kʋ kʋ kʋ kʋ-b ye.[19] A falcarindiol yaa bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ karɩtã yaa wa tɩre. [20]

Bãagrã sʋka, pyrrolidine sẽn be vãadã pʋgẽ [19]la 6-hydroxymelleine.[21]

A Tazonome
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B sẽn gʋls sɛbã la b sẽn maan mak-sõngo wã wilgdame tɩ b sẽn naan n naan n naan tɩ b naan rɩtg n kõ-b tɩ b naan dɩt-b tɩ yaa b sẽn naan dɩt n kõ-ba.[2] [3]A yaab-rãmbã sẽn yaa weoogẽ wã tõe n yii Irã sẽn yaa kãsenga (b sẽn yaa Irã ne Afgãniizã) sẽn ket n yaa weoogã karotã Daucus carota wã b sẽn tar toor-toorã zĩiga. B ra rɩtga sãnemã buud toor-toor sẽn be zĩig pʋgẽ yʋʋm kob-gĩndẽ wã n na n sõng-b tɩ b tõog n boog b sũ-sãangã, b paas b sũ-noogã, la b boog b yĩn-gãongã sẽn yaa kãn-kãe. B ra maanda woto n kɩt tɩ b lebg tɩɩs sẽn yaa sõma ne b taabã.[22][23]

A KOBU

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KIBARE
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B sẽn sɩng n bʋt-b wã, b ra bʋt-ba n dat n bãng b sãnemã la b bõn-buudã sẽn tar yũ-noogo, la pa b yẽgã yĩng ye. B yãa karõog bõn-buud Swis la Alemayn-dʋʋgẽ yʋʋmd 2000-3000 sẽn deng Kirist wakatã. [24]B ket n bɩɩda karõ wã neb kẽer sẽn yaa a zak rãmb tɩ b tõe n dɩd a vãadã la a bõn-buudã, wala parsley, coriander (cilantro), fennel, anise, dill la kumine. Pipi gom-biis sẽn gomd yẽgã yell b sẽn gʋlsd pĩnd wẽndẽ wã yaa yʋʋmd 100 soabã; Rom dãmba rɩka tɩɩg sẽn boond tɩ pastinaca,  sẽn tõe n yaa waar bɩ sẽn yaa a taab ne-a.  [25][26][27]

B wilga bõn-kãng la b bilg-a-la Rom-rʋma wã sebr ning sẽn boond tɩ Juliana Anicia Codex wã pʋgẽ. B wilga sor a tãab sẽn yaa toor-toorã, la seb-kãngã yeelame tɩ "b tõe n dɩka roogã la b seg-a". [28] Sebr kãngã kopi a to, Codex Neapolitanes sẽn yit yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 6 soabã saabẽ wã, tara kɩbay sẽn yaa woto, la a yẽgma yaa wa ne waor sẽn yaa waor. [29]

Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 8 soabã, Moor rãmbã n wa n kẽesd bõn-kãng Ɛspaynã.[30] Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 10 soabã pʋgẽ, Azi-Wedg, Ind ne Eropã ra yaa wa ne welsd. [19] La yaa wakat kãnga la b naan naan naan naan wa Afɩganistã. [31]Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 11 soabã Zʋɩf bãngd a Simeõ Seth wilgame tɩ yaa roog la zũnd karõt la woto, la yʋʋm kob-gĩnda 12 soabã Arab-Andalusi wã sẽn yaa pʋʋg-n-taag a Ibn al-'Awwam me.[32] Sẽn naan n naan n naanã, b yii Sɩngr yʋʋmd 1800 soabã pʋgẽ, la b yii Zapõ yʋʋmd 1800 soabã. [33]

Ned sẽn yaa Nedɛlandã n da maand waorã.[34]Bãngr-goamã wilgdame tɩ yaa yʋʋmd 512 bal la b ra tar lamandã, la yaa vẽeneg tɩ yaa buud sẽn pa tar pãnga tɩ ta yʋʋm 18 soabã saabẽ.[34]Neb kẽer yetame tɩ Holland nebã ra naan-b-la sãnem karɩtɩ wã n waoogd Holland bãndgã wakat kãnga, la a Willem sẽn yaa Orɩngã, la b yetame tɩ b pa tar kaset sẽn wilgd tɩ b ra tẽedame tɩ yaa vẽeneg tɩ Europẽ nebã ra nong-a lame, bala a pa tar soopã la a pa tar bur-yũudg wa karɩtɩ-rɩng sẽn tar bur-wʋudg ye. La rẽ yĩnga, a ra tara sũ-noog wʋsgo.[35]

A PROPAGATE-TUUMA
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Bãagrã yaa bõn-buud la b bɩɩsd b toorẽ yĩnga, la b tõe n dɩka sẽk kiuug a naase, la b bɩɩsda rasem 70 bɩ 80 bal tɩ zemsd ne b sẽn segd n maan bũmb ningã.[35] B bɩɩda wĩntoog sẽn be wĩntoog pʋgẽ, la b sakd n maand zĩm-sobend wʋsgo.[36]La sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd yaa 16 °C la 21 °C. [37] Tʋʋmdã sẽn yaa sõma yaa t'a yaa zĩ-kãnga sẽn yaa zĩ-gãong sẽn yaa sõma, sẽn yaa zĩm-gãong bɩ sẽn yaa wa tãnsã, n tar pH sẽn be 6.3 n ta 6.8.[38]

D segd n saka tɩɩm ne zĩm-gãongã sẽn yaa to-to wã, bala koodã baoodame tɩ nitrogen, fosfat sẽn yaa bilf la potas sẽn yaa wʋsgo. Yaa sõma tɩ b ra sak zĩm-dãmb sẽn yaa roog bɩ kug ye, bala rẽ na n kɩtame tɩ yẽgã lebg sãnemse. [39] B sã n dat n sõng-a t'a ra wa yũ, b wae n kõ-a-la koom. Sẽn na n wa n wa n yi, b na n kɩtame tɩ b lebg bẽd-n-tɩrs n pa le tõe n maan maan maan-kɛg ye.[40][41]

A Base Bi Probilem-Ramba

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Ges-y me: Karõog bãagã sõore B tara bãag toor-toor sẽn tõe n boog karõogã womdã la a yõodã. Wa b sẽn mi tɩ yaa wa b sẽn mi n sãam koodã fãa, yaa wa b mi tɩ yaa Alternaria sebre bãaga n namsd wa b sẽn tõe n sãamd tẽngã. Zĩig sẽn yaa bẽed sẽn yaa a Xanthomonas campestris sẽn wat ne bãaga, tõe n sãama zĩig sẽn yaa zãad la koom sẽn ka beẽ me. Root node nematodes (Meloidogyne species) tõe n kɩtame tɩ roogã lebg wa roog sẽn yaa wa roog bɩ sẽn yaa wa rẽnna. [42]A sẽn yaa a Pythium vioe la a Pythius sulcatum sẽn kɩt tɩ b gãd-a wã kɩtame tɩ b yĩn-gãosgã lebg wa sẽn pa zems ne b sẽn maandã. [43]

Sẽn paase, sã n wa sãam-b yĩngrã, b tõe n boogda b sãnemã yõodã me. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sã n wa paam tɩ b kʋɩt-n-tɩrgã sã n wa puk n wa pukẽ, b tõe n paama kareng a wãn n wa kʋɩt a roogã. La bã-kãens tõe n sãama koodã sẽn yaa b sẽn tarã sẽn yɩɩd 30%. Sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn kɩt tɩ b pa tar bẽdgã yaa tɩrga, tɩrga la b pa tar tɩrga. [44]

A COPANIOM BUDBU

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B tõe n yɩɩ bõn-naandb a taabã me tũud-n-taase; b sã n bas tɩ b zẽk b zẽedã, sãn-soorã, wa b sẽn maand ne b sẽn maand n kõ-b b sãn-kãnga, a tara bõn-naands sẽn kʋʋd b zẽedẽ wã. [45]

A CULTIVA-RAMBA
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B tõe n pʋga karɩtɩ buud-goamã n pʋga pʋga: "Eastern" karɩtɩ la "Western" karɛtɩ. [46]B rɩka bõn-naands wʋsg n kõ b sẽn tõe n bãng b sẽn yaa to-to wã.[47][48] "Gõosg" (Euras la Amerik tẽn-bilã sẽn wilgd) karõ wã ra paamda b mens ne Perzi (õnda yaa rũndã-rũndã Irã ne Afganistã tẽngẽ, sẽn be Azi-Wedgã) yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 10 soabã sasa, bɩ sẽn deng rẽ. Sẽn ket n beẽ wã, b yaa wa ne sãnem bɩ sãnem, la b mi n yaa wa b yẽg sẽn tar bãagdo. Rõ-rɩt-rɩta wã sẽn yaa wa ne wa-rɩ-rɩto wã yita anthocyanin pigmentsẽ.[49]

"Western" karobã yii Nizo-rɛlandẽ yʋʋmd 1600 bɩ 1700 wã. [50]Neb wʋsg tẽedame tɩ yaa ne a sãnem-paalã sẽn yaa waorẽ wã n kɩt tɩ b bãng-a tẽns a taabã pʋgẽ, tɩ yaa Orange roogã la a sẽn maood ne Nizo-rɛland tɩ b paam b yembrã, la tɩ yaa kaset bilf bal n wilgd rẽ sẽn yɩɩd gom-bi-pugl la wakat ning b sẽn da kõ-a wã. Yaa karotẽn sẽn tar pãng buud-goam kãensã pʋsẽ n kɩt tɩ b yaa waor.

Neb wʋsg sẽn nong tɩ b tõe n paam tɩ b bãngẽ tɩ b sẽn yaa nin-buiidã, b pa segd n bas tɩ b bãng tɩ b yaa nin-kãensã bal ye. [51]B sẽn boond tɩ b rãmb a naasã yaa:

A Zantnay karõosã. Baa ne a yẽgã sẽn yaa bilf n yɩɩd buud a taabã, a tara vãad sẽn tar pãng la a yaa gãn-kãseng n yaa gãn n yaa gãnd n yaa gãns n yaa gãnda, n yaa gãnt n yaa gãna. B tallda b toorẽ wã sõma, b tara sũ-sãoong sẽn yaa vẽenega, la b tũnugda ne-b wʋsg n maand bũmbu.  Bãagrã sʋka: "Carson Hybrid" la "Red Cored Chantenay". Dãndb sẽn yaa waorã.[52]Bãadbã tara vãad sẽn tar pãng la b yẽgã yaa sẽng n yɩɩd a Chantenay buudã, la b tara koom-koglgã sẽn yaa wa b sẽn tar sor n yaa sõma, n yaa wa b kẽed n kẽed zĩig a yembre.[48] B yaa bilf n yɩɩd Imperator buud toor-toor wã, la b sakd n maand bũmb wʋsg ne tẽnga. Dãvãr buudã bĩngda sõma la b tũnugda ne-b tɩ b yɩ toor-toor la b maneg b toor-toor. B maana b toor yʋʋmd 1871 wã, Danvers, Massachusetts.  Bãagrã sʋka, "Danvers Half Long" la "Danvers 126".[53] A Zãmb-soaba. A yaa buud sẽn tar tɩɩs sẽn tar pãng wʋsgo, sẽn tar sukr wʋsgo, la yẽgã yaa zãad la sẽn yaa zãadga, n yaa wa a sẽn tar yẽgã. Bãagã yaa b sẽn naanã. Bãagrã sʋka: "Imperator 58" la "Sugarsnax Hybrid". Nantes karõ wã.[40] B yaa sãnem dãmba, b yaa silindr dãmba, b ya bilf n tar bẽdg sẽn yaa kãsenga n yɩɩd Imperator buudã, la b paamd kood wʋsg zĩis wʋsg pʋsẽ. La bãagã sã n wa sãam wʋsgo, a yĩnsã yaa yĩn-gãong wʋsgo.[2][3] B yaa wa b sẽn pa tar sũ-noogo, la b pa tar sukr wʋsg ye.

B SEN BINGDA TO-TO
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B tõe n peega karotã sẽk kiuug wʋsg ne ko-kãsems roogẽ, wall wakat ning sẽn yaa sẽkã, zĩig sẽn yaa yɩng la sẽn yaa koom-koɛɛga, la zĩig sẽn yaa zĩ-sõngo. Sẽn na yɩl n tall-b wakat sẽn zãre, b tõe n saka sãnem-biis sẽn pa yɩlemd koomẽ, n ning-b sãnem-buud ne tɩɩs sẽn yaa bĩis n naag ne a 50/50 bɩ n ning-a tʋʋl-tẽngã pʋgẽ. La sã n yaa ne tʋʋlgr sẽn be a zug n ta a 0 °C n ta a 4 °C n paas ne koom sẽn be a 90-95% wã, yaa sõma n yɩɩda.[54][55] Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tall-b n tall-ba, b tõe n paama sũ-sãang wʋsgo, tɩ b lebg wa b sẽn pa tar-b ye. [56] D tõe n yɩɩga ne tɩgsem sã n tall-b zĩis sẽn tar sobg sẽn tar sobgã sẽn tar sobga, tɩ b pa tar etilẽ (yakr wɛɛngẽ, b pa tar bi-bõn-buud la tɩɩs sẽn tar etilɛɛn ye). B tõe n kɩtame tɩ b lebg bur ne bur ne sãnem, ne a sãnem, la ne a sãn-tɩ-m-mengã.[57]

A SEN YIT WUSGO TO-TO
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Yʋʋmd 2022 wã, dũni gill sẽn naan naanã karob (b sẽn naag ne karobã) yɩɩ ton milyõ 42, la yaa Sɩngla sẽn naan naan naan naanã sẽn naanã sẽn yaa 44% (taabl).

A TUUMA

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A LAAFE TUUMA

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Rõog sẽn yaa koom sẽn yaa 88%, tɩ karbõidã yaa 9% la poroteen yaa 1%, la a tara yĩn-gãosgo (Ges-y tablɛ). B sẽn tar gram 100 (3,5 oz) wã, sãt-rãmbã sẽn yaa toor-toorã kõtda kalori 41 la b tar a sẽn tar a sẽn yaa a sẽn tarã (a sẽn yaa a A wã sẽn yaa a soabã sẽn yaa a soab sẽn yaa a soaba wã sẽn yaa b daarã yõodã sẽn yaa a yembr n yɩɩd a soabã) n paas a sẽn tar-a sẽn yaa b sẽn tarã (10-19% a yembr n yaa a soabã) la a sẽn tar n tar a sẽn pa tarã (b sẽn yaa a taabã n yaa a soab n yaa a yembr) n paas potasiyɔm sẽn yaa a woto wã sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn pa tar nafa wʋsg (Ges-y sull ning sẽn pʋgdã).

A RUGBU

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B tõe n dɩka karɛɛtɩ wã ne manesem toor-toore. B sẽn maand tɩ b rɩtgẽ wã, b yiisda b sẽn tar b sẽn boond tɩ β-carotene wã pʋɩ-sʋk n yɩɩd a 3 wã bala. B tõe n kɩtame tɩ b lebg n tall-a n kẽng a 39% ne b sẽn ningd-a wã. [56] La b tõe n segla b mens n dɩ, n dɩ, la b pak-b ne sobg la b rɩt-b ne kom-rãmb la b rɩtã. A sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd yaa karot julienne. [58] Sẽn paas ne yãoog la seleri, karõ wã yaa bũmb ning b sẽn boond tɩ miirpoix sẽn na yɩl n maan burã. [59]

B rɩt-b lame n yaa bõn-buud sẽn tar vãad la b rɩt-a-la wʋsgo, la b pa tõe n dɩ-a ye.[60] [61]B sã n dat n maan woto, b tigimda b kamb kamb sẽn yaa kom-bɩɩse, b sẽn nan pa tar tɩ b rog-b sõma ye.[62] Neb kẽer yaa ra-kãsems n mi n pa mi n mi n miẽ ye. Yʋʋmd 2010 wã, b vaeesga rɩɩb tɩb sẽn yaa kʋɩl-kɩɩm n namsd b taabã sẽn be Erɔp soolmẽ wã. B vaeesga kom-bɩɩsã sẽn yaa pis-tã la a yiibu wã, b wilgame tɩ b sũur yaa noog ne sãnem. [63]Sẽn yaa kɩt tɩ karõogã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn kɩtd tɩ b namsdã, proteẽ wã sẽn boond tɩ Dauc c 1.0104, yaa sẽn pa tar pãng ne b sẽn maand bũmb ning ne karõog pollen (Bet v 1) la mugwort pollen (Art v 1), tɩ karen-kãnga sẽn namsdã fãa me yaa sẽn pa mi b sẽn maand to-to wã yĩnga. [64]

Ind soolmẽ wã, b tũnugda ne karɛɛtɩ wã ne manesem toor-toore, wala salad bɩ tɩb sẽn naag ne rιs sẽn yaa wa b sẽn dat n dɩ wã.[65] B sẽn naan n naan n naan tɩ b naan n dɩ wã yaa sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd b sẽn naan n dɩ n dɩ n kõ-a. B maanda karot salad ne karot sẽn yaa wa b sẽn yãgdã, tɩ b yũ-a ne moasã bõn-buudã la seb-vɩɩs sẽn yaa wa a sẽn yãgd kaam sẽn yaa kãsenga. [65]B tõe n segla karɩt-rãmbã me n paas rιs-rɩs-rãmba, n naag n dɩt-b-la ne tamarind n naan naan naan naan dɩt-a. [66]

Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 1980 wã saabã, kamb karɛtã bɩ karɛt-bilã (karɛt-bil sẽn paam n yɩll n kaoog n lebg silindr sẽn yaa toor-toorã) yɩɩ rɩɩb sẽn yaa sõma n segl n na n dɩ wã sẽn be kom-dãmb wʋsg pʋsẽ.  B rɩtga karotã n kõ-b tɩ b lebg kom rɩɩbo, b rɩt-b tɩ fõog-b tɩ yɩ fɩt-fɩt, fɩtfɩt la fõodg, la b rɩt a fɩt sẽn yaa kãenkã, n dɩt-a n dɩt a pʋgẽ wa fɩt wã.[67]

A sã n yaa wa tɩɩg sẽn yaa wa tɩɩgã, a tõe n maana tʋʋm kẽer wa tɩɩg.[68] B rɩtga karob sẽn yaa wa b sẽn dat n dɩ wã karobã, la karobã budgẽ, sẽn yaa Inglezi wã rɩɩb sẽn da tẽed tɩ b yii yʋʋmd 1800 wã sɩngrẽ. [69] B tõe n dɩka karotã b toorẽ yĩnga, wall b naag n dɩgsd a biis tɩ b ning-a-la b sẽn dɩt-a wã pʋgẽ.[70]

A KUDEMDE WENGA

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Vitamin A β-carotene sẽn yit karɛɛgẽ wã pa sõngd neb tɩ b yã zĩ-likrẽ ye, sã n pa b sẽn tar a Vitamin-A pãn-komsmã bal ye.[71] Neb nins sẽn da maand woto wã ra yaa neb sẽn da maand b sẽn pa tõe n bãng bũmb ning b sẽn maand to-to wã. La b ra maanda woto ne b sẽn da wa n maand b sẽn da pa tõe n yã bũmb to-to.[72]

La wakat kãng, b ra yetame tɩ b ra rɩt karɛt n maan a Zeova waoogr n na n tõog n maan bũmb a taabã. Rõ-n-soas-kãnga sẽn boond tɩ Kibar-soaba taoorã sagenda nebã tɩ b bɩɩs, b tall la b tũnug ne sãnem-soab manesem toor-toore, sẽn tar n makd sãnem-zoob la Woolton pie, sẽn boond tɩ Lord Woolton, sẽn yaa rɩɩb minisrã yʋʋr yĩnga. [73] A zabr a yiib-n-soabã wakate, b ra tẽedame tɩ b sã n dɩt karõosã, b na n yãa sõma yʋngo. La yʋʋmd 1942 wã, b ra tara karõos sẽn yɩɩd tan 100000 sẽn yaa b sẽn naanã. [74]

LEG GES-Y
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Karõog ne karõog - Bõn-naandg la sɩbgre sẽn wilgd sɩbgre la sɩbgrã Karõog kʋɩl - Karõog wʋgda buud toor-toore Karõog tigis - Kẽerã bõn-buud kaam - Karõod bõn-buudu sẽn yaa naf naf sẽn yaa tɩlae karõod bõn - Karõoog k

D rɩkda

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Rõog sẽn yaa koom sẽn yaa 88%, tɩ karbõidã yaa 9% la poroteen yaa 1%, la a tara yĩn-gãosgo (Ges-y tablɛ). B sẽn tar gram 100 (3,5 oz) wã, sãt-rãmbã sẽn yaa toor-toorã kõtda kalori 41 la b tar a sẽn tar a sẽn yaa a sẽn tarã (a sẽn yaa a A wã sẽn yaa a soabã sẽn yaa a soab sẽn yaa a soaba wã sẽn yaa b daarã yõodã sẽn yaa a yembr n yɩɩd a soabã) n paas a sẽn tar-a sẽn yaa b sẽn tarã (10-19% a yembr n yaa a soabã) la a sẽn tar n tar a sẽn pa tarã (b sẽn yaa a taabã n yaa a soab n yaa a yembr) n paas potasiyɔm sẽn yaa a woto wã sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn pa tar nafa wʋsg (Ges-y sull ning sẽn pʋgdã).

Culinary

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B tõe n dɩka karɛɛtɩ wã ne manesem toor-toore. B sẽn maand tɩ b rɩtgẽ wã, b yiisda b sẽn tar b sẽn boond tɩ β-carotene wã pʋɩ-sʋk n yɩɩd a 3 wã bala. B tõe n kɩtame tɩ b lebg n tall-a n kẽng a 39% ne b sẽn ningd-a wã.[75]La b tõe n segla b mens n dɩ, n dɩ, la b pak-b ne sobg la b rɩt-b ne kom-rãmb la b rɩtã. A sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd yaa karot julienne.[76] Sẽn paas ne yãoog la seleri, karõ wã yaa bũmb ning b sẽn boond tɩ miirpoix sẽn na yɩl n maan burã.[77]

B rɩt-b lame n yaa bõn-buud sẽn tar vãad la b rɩt-a-la wʋsgo, la b pa tõe n dɩ-a ye.[78][79] B sã n dat n maan woto, b tigimda b kamb kamb sẽn yaa kom-bɩɩse, b sẽn nan pa tar tɩ b rog-b sõma ye.[80] Neb kẽer yaa ra-kãsems n mi n pa mi n mi n miẽ ye. Yʋʋmd 2010 wã, b vaeesga rɩɩb tɩb sẽn yaa kʋɩl-kɩɩm n namsd b taabã sẽn be Erɔp soolmẽ wã.[81][82] B vaeesga kom-bɩɩsã sẽn yaa pis-tã la a yiibu wã, b wilgame tɩ b sũur yaa noog ne sãnem. [64] Sẽn yaa kɩt tɩ karõogã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn kɩtd tɩ b namsdã, proteẽ wã sẽn boond tɩ Dauc c 1.0104, yaa sẽn pa tar pãng ne b sẽn maand bũmb ning ne karõog pollen (Bet v 1) la mugwort pollen (Art v 1), tɩ karen-kãnga sẽn namsdã fãa me yaa sẽn pa mi b sẽn maand to-to wã yĩnga.[83]

Ind soolmẽ wã, b tũnugda ne karɛɛtɩ wã ne manesem toor-toore, wala salad bɩ tɩb sẽn naag ne rιs sẽn yaa wa b sẽn dat n dɩ wã.[84]B sẽn naan n naan n naan tɩ b naan n dɩ wã yaa sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd b sẽn naan n dɩ n dɩ n kõ-a. B maanda karot salad ne karot sẽn yaa wa b sẽn yãgdã, tɩ b yũ-a ne moasã bõn-buudã la seb-vɩɩs sẽn yaa wa a sẽn yãgd kaam sẽn yaa kãsenga.[85]B tõe n segla karɩt-rãmbã me n paas rιs-rɩs-rãmba, n naag n dɩt-b-la ne tamarind n naan dɩt-a.[86]

Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 1980 wã saabã, kamb karɛtã bɩ karɛt-bilã (karɛt-bil sẽn paam n yɩll n kaoog n lebg silindr sẽn yaa toor-toorã) yɩɩ rɩɩb sẽn yaa sõma n segl n na n dɩ wã sẽn be kom-dãmb wʋsg pʋsẽ. B rɩtga karotã n kõ-b tɩ b lebg kom rɩɩbo, b rɩt-b tɩ fõog-b tɩ yɩ fɩt-fɩt, fɩtfɩt la fõodg, la b rɩt a fɩt sẽn yaa kãenkã, n dɩt-a n dɩt a pʋgẽ wa fɩt wã.

A sã n yaa wa tɩɩg sẽn yaa wa tɩɩgã, a tõe n maana tʋʋm kẽer wa tɩɩg.[87] B rɩtga karob sẽn yaa wa b sẽn dat n dɩ wã karobã, la karobã budgẽ, sẽn yaa Inglezi wã rɩɩb sẽn da tẽed tɩ b yii yʋʋmd 1800 wã sɩngrẽ.[88] B tõe n dɩka karotã b toorẽ yĩnga, wall b naag n dɩgsd a biis tɩ b ning-a-la b sẽn dɩt-a wã pʋgẽ.[89]

Ne nin-buiidã

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Vitamin A β-carotene sẽn yit karɛɛgẽ wã pa sõngd neb tɩ b yã zĩ-likrẽ ye, sã n pa b sẽn tar a Vitamin-A pãn-komsmã bal ye.[90]Neb nins sẽn da maand woto wã ra yaa neb sẽn da maand b sẽn pa tõe n bãng bũmb ning b sẽn maand to-to wã. La b ra maanda woto ne b sẽn da wa n maand b sẽn da pa tõe n yã bũmb to-to.[91]

La wakat kãng, b ra yetame tɩ b ra rɩt karɛt n maan a Zeova waoogr n na n tõog n maan bũmb a taabã. Rõ-n-soas-kãnga sẽn boond tɩ Kibar-soaba taoorã sagenda nebã tɩ b bɩɩs, b tall la b tũnug ne sãnem-soab manesem toor-toore, sẽn tar n makd sãnem-zoob la Woolton pie, sẽn boond tɩ Lord Woolton, sẽn yaa rɩɩb minisrã yʋʋr yĩnga.[92] A zabr a yiib-n-soabã wakate, b ra tẽedame tɩ b sã n dɩt karõosã, b na n yãa sõma yʋngo. La yʋʋmd 1942 wã, b ra tara karõos sẽn yɩɩd tan 100000 sẽn yaa b sẽn naanã.[93]

Ges-y me

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•Karot ne pika - Bãngr-gomd sẽn wilgd sɩbgre la kũunã

Sebtiise

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Sõng-n-taase

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465225
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 https://web.archive.org/web/20180123165655/http://healthland.time.com/2013/08/20/eat-this-now-rainbow-carrots/
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Folio 312, 313, 314, Juliana Anicia Codex
  4. ↑ https://archive.org/details/vangoorsenglishd00unse
  5. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465225
  6. ↑ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=carrot
  7. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#CITEREFSimonFreemanVieiraBoiteux2008
  8. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=O-t9BAAAQBAJ&pg=RA4-PA387
  9. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_Anicia_Codex
  10. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=FtIXAe2qYDgC&pg=PA75
  11. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=qbMz7YrTBMEC&pg=PA230
  12. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=KFQMt1Ww6osC&pg=PA81
  13. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#CITEREFRubatskyQuirosSiman1999
  14. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1991768.stm
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#CITEREFRubatskyQuirosSiman1999
  16. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#CITEREFBradeenSimon2007
  17. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf048041s
  18. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf0510440
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0048-4059%2878%2990039-5
  20. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf034085%2B
  21. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0014-5793%2888%2980894-9
  22. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7232-5175-0
  23. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85619-377-1
  24. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-129-0
  25. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-74108-6
  26. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=O-t9BAAAQBAJ&pg=RA4-PA387
  27. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus
  28. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_Anicia_Codex
  29. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290309500
  30. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Dmky95hwKr0C&pg=PA1071
  31. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=FtIXAe2qYDgC&pg=PA75
  32. ↑ https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2555899/20
  33. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-07-273608-1
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-129-0
  35. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1991768.stm
  36. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=DSxRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA136
  37. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=DSxRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA136
  38. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=bYOPlJt6SfAC&pg=PA196
  39. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=yKjGtrh30V4C&pg=PA54
  40. ↑ http://www.rodalesorganiclife.com/garden/your-guide-growing-carrots
  41. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20201024034912/https://www.nda.agric.za/docs/Brochures/prodGuideCarrot.pdf
  42. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=RypnQT5KPtkC&pg=PA398
  43. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-146-7
  44. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-146-7
  45. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=htGD3Y7WNxwC&pg=PA112
  46. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=6jrlyOPfr24C&pg=PA282
  47. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465225
  48. ↑ https://doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.1300055
  49. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=1FinGy626lgC&pg=PA405
  50. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7188969.stm
  51. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20201024034912/https://www.nda.agric.za/docs/Brochures/prodGuideCarrot.pdf
  52. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20201024034912/https://www.nda.agric.za/docs/Brochures/prodGuideCarrot.pdf
  53. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20201024034912/https://www.nda.agric.za/docs/Brochures/prodGuideCarrot.pdf
  54. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110906104024/http://www.backwoodshome.com/articles2/gist82.html
  55. ↑ http://www.plantea.com/carrots.htm
  56. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tifs.2021.03.038
  57. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tifs.2021.03.038
  58. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=fGWaxCySg54C&pg=PR19
  59. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=N5el9CYbEP0C&pg=PA146
  60. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=baprDwAAQBAJ&q=%22carrot+tops%22&pg=PT47
  61. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=_Lg1h2GeJMcC&q=%22carrot+greens%22&pg=PA74
  62. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-129-0
  63. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=LCOJp0NEDisC&pg=PA366
  64. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=0aLqKVlGZTEC&pg=PA21
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1398-9995.2010.02346.x
  66. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1398-9995.2010.02346.x
  67. ↑ https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00davi_0
  68. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=kFio7TeBFUIC&pg=PT33
  69. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=kFio7TeBFUIC&pg=PT33
  70. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=oj82UfEB0p0C&pg=PA264
  71. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080517093019/http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamina.asp
  72. ↑ http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fact-or-fiction-carrots-improve-your-vision/
  73. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220906193923/http://www.carrotmuseum.co.uk/history4.html
  74. ↑ http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-wwii-propaganda-campaign-popularized-the-myth-that-carrots-help-you-see-in-the-dark-28812484/
  75. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-56
  76. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-57
  77. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-58
  78. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-59
  79. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-60
  80. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-Rubatsky253-61
  81. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-62
  82. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-63
  83. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-65
  84. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-66
  85. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-67
  86. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-68
  87. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-70
  88. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-71
  89. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-PallerMancini2011-72
  90. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-73
  91. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-74
  92. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-75
  93. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot#cite_note-british-76 
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