Kumi Odori
Kumi odori (組舞, Okinawa: Kumi wudui) yaa rog-n-migs sẽn be Ryūkyū wã. "Kumi odori" bɩ "Kumi wudui" rat n yeelame tɩ "dans sẽn naag taaba" bɩ "dans sẽn naag taaba".
| Subclass of | dance  |
|---|---|
| Culture | Ryukyuan culture |
| Country of origin | Ryukyu Kingdom, Japan |
| Discoverer or inventor | Tamagusuku Chōkun |
| Time of discovery or invention | 1719 |
| Location of creation | Okinawa Prefecture |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Important Intangible Cultural Property of Japan, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00405, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00405, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00405 |
B sẽn sɩng-a Ryūkyū wã na-tẽng sẽn boond tɩ Shuri, Okinawa yʋʋmd 1719 wã, a sɩngrẽ wã ra yaa sẽn na yɩl n noog b sũuri, la b kɩt tɩ b ra getẽ tɩ yaa ukwanshin, b sẽn da boond tɩ Chine rãmb nins sẽn da wat Ryūkyū wã. A Tamagusuku Chokun sẽn da yaa Rikyuu naab sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1684 n tãag yʋʋmd 1734 wã n wa ne kumi odori wã sẽn yaa b sẽn da wae n maand n wilgd b sẽn tõe n maan to-to. Yaa Azi yaangã we-bɛd buud toor-toor lageng sẽn naag taab n kɩt tɩ kumi odori wã kell n tar zĩig Okinawa nin-buiidã sʋka, la masã, Zapõ goosneema wã sak n deegame t'a yaa bũmb sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo. Yʋʋmd 2010 wã, b gʋls-a-la UNESCO ninsabls tẽn-kɩremsã sẽn yaa ninsabls tẽn-kɩremsã pʋga.[1] A ket n yaa makr sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd a Okinawa nin-buiidã sẽn tall b minimã pʋgẽ.
Kʋdemdã la politikã
tekreYaa tẽn-kɩrems 140 la b sẽn boond tɩ Ryukyu wã, tɩ neb be a 40 sʋka, la b bee Zapõ tẽn-kɩremsã sẽn be goabgã tẽngre. Sẽn na maan yʋʋm wʋsg pʋgẽ, tẽns nins sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd n da nong n zabd n dat n soog Ryūkyū wã. Okinawa tẽn-gãongã ra yaa sodaas sẽn boond tɩ aji bɩ anji n da rɩt naam pipi, la b ra tigma taaba Shō Hashi naam pʋgẽ yʋʋm kob-gĩnd piig la a nu wã sɩngrẽ (Smits 90). A wa n tõogame n tõog Ryūkyū tẽn-kɩrems a taabã, n paas a soolmã. A Ryūkyū sẽn da yaa tẽn-gũudã sõngame tɩ b paam zood sõma ne Zapõ la ne Sɩne. B sẽn da wa n pa le koosd koomã, a Ryūkyū wã ra tõe n wa paamame tɩ Zapõ nebã wa zab ne-a. Yʋʋmd 1609, Satsuma soolmã kẽe Ryūkyū soolmẽ wã, n modg rĩmã t'a lebg b tẽng-n-biiga, sẽn na yɩl n dɩ a sẽn tar zood ne Siinã nafa, la a rɩ naam sẽn pa vẽenegã hal tɩ ta yʋʋmd 1872 (Smits 91). B sẽn maan woto wã sɩd sõngame tɩ b tõog n wilg b buud-gomdã. A sẽn da wa n be Zapõ soolmẽ wã, a sẽn da pa tõe n bãng a sẽn da na n maan to-to politikã wɛɛngẽ wã ra yaa yell sẽn da pak nin-kãsems wʋsgo. Baa ne a sẽn da be Zapõ soolmẽ wã, la a nanambsã sẽn da mi rẽ wã, a kell n talla a meng n tãag yʋʋmd 1879 (Smits 107). Wakat kãnga, a Ryūkyū wã sɩngame n lebg Zapõ soolem. Naab a Meiji sẽn wa n na n lebg Zapõ na-kẽnda, yʋʋmd 1872 wã, a kɩtame tɩ Zapõ lebg a prefektɛɛr yʋʋmd 1879. Rẽ poore, Etazĩni rɩka Zapõ n tãag yʋʋmd 1945 n tãag yʋʋmd 1972 dũni gill zabr a yiib-n-soabã la Okinawa zabrã poore. Yʋʋmd 1972 soabã pʋgẽ, b lebs-a-la Zapõ, sẽn mik tɩ zabr n zĩnd yʋʋm wʋsg Okinawa nebã ne Etazĩni sodaasã sʋka.
A Kumi odori roga ne tʋʋm nins sẽn yaa tɩlae ne ninsabls tẽnsa. Yʋʋmd 1372, Chūzan rĩm a Satto sakame n na n tũ b sẽn da boond tɩ tribute wã sẽn da yaa bũmb ning ne Chine wã, la sẽn na yɩl n tũ b sẽn da boond tɩ tribute wã, b ra kɩtame tɩ b tʋm-tʋmdb be Okinawa n na n zĩnd kiis a yoob yʋʋmd fãa, wakat ning fãa b sẽn da rat tɩ b wilg tɩ rĩm-paalgã na n wa rɩka naam. Ra yaa tɩlae tɩ nin-kãsems kãensã paam sũ-noog ne reemã, woto yĩnga, yʋʋmd 1719 wã, a Tamagusuku Chokun sẽn yaa odori bugyo wã bɩ reem ministɛɛrã n lugl kumi odori wã. B sẽn yãk-a t'a lebg a taoor soab yʋʋmd 1715 wã, a tʋʋmd sẽn da yaa kãseng n yɩɩd ra yaa a sẽn na n maan bũmb nins sẽn na yɩl n noog neb nins sẽn da wat n na n tɩ maan kibsã sũuri. A ra zoe n kẽnga Zapõ naoor a nu, n yals Satsuma la Edo (sẽn yaa Tokyo rũndã-rũndã wã). A sẽn da be be wã, a zãmsa minimã fãa, n paam kyogen, kabuki la Noh bãngre, sẽn tall pãn-tusdg wʋsg a tʋʋma zugu (Foley 3). A ra paamda vẽnegr ne Siinã sɛbã me, la wakat kãnga, Siinã sɛbã, Confucianismã, la sanshin meng sẽn yɩ wa reem sẽn na n yɩll n maan kumi odori wã, ra kẽe Okinawa ninsabls tẽnsa pʋgẽ (Foley 2). B maana Kumi odori pipi naoor Choyo rɩɩbã sasa yʋʋmd 1719 sig-noyẽ wã: Shushin kaneiri (Sẽn tar nonglem, a rɩka wẽnd-doogã wag-taagã) la Nido tekiuchi (Kambã wagsg), sẽn da yaa a Chokun tʋʋm-kãsems a pipi wã, yɩɩ aristokrat-rãmba n yɩɩl la b ket n yaa tʋʋm-kãsems wʋsg rũndã-rũndã. Tokugawa sodaasã sẽn lʋɩ wã, la Meiji naamã sẽn wa n lugl yʋʋmd 1868 wã tɛka, nebã ra yĩmda kumi odori wã. Aristokrat rãmbã sẽn da tar sẽk la ligdã sẽn da kõt-b sor tɩ b tõe n zãms zʋɩf-rãmbã reemã ra lebga sõor bilf masã, la neb a wãn sẽn da tar yʋ-noogo, n kɩt tɩ b tall-a n zãmse, tɩ nebã fãa tõe n yã-a. Baa nin-buiidã fãa ra tõe n kẽnga lekoll-kãens n lebg yɩɩl-gʋlsdba (Thornbury 233). Amerikã sẽn wa n bas Okinawa n lebg n kõ Zapõ yʋʋmd 1972 wã poore, tẽn-kʋdemdã sẽn da yaa tẽn-kʋdemdã n le sɩng n maand b sẽn maandã. Zapõ rãmb sẽn teend Okinawa tẽn-gãonga yaa bũmb sẽn wat ne no-koɛɛm wʋsgo. Yaa sɩd tɩ Zapõ goosneema wã gɩdga Okinawa nebã tɩ b ra pa le kẽ sodaarã pʋgẽ ye. La yʋʋmd 1972 sig-noy kiuug rasem 15 wã, b wilgame tɩ kumi odori wã yaa bũmb sẽn tar yõod wʋsg tẽngã pʋgẽ.
Yɛl nins sẽn kɩt tɩ b gʋls-a wã
tekreKumi odori wã yaa weefã buud sẽn naag taab sẽn yit Okinawa, Chine, la Zapõ. Sẽn paase, a rɩka bũmb nins b sẽn da mi n boond tɩ kami ashibi bɩ chondara wã, la yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ umui wã, sẽn da be tẽn-bilã pʋsẽ pĩnd wẽndẽ wã. (Foley 2). Yaa yɩɩl-yɩɩll sẽn naag taab sõma-sõma, sẽn naag ne yɩɩl-yɩɩllã, kibayã, la reemã sẽn na yɩl n tall pãn-tusdg sẽn yaa kãsenga. Sẽn sɩng n yaa rap nins sẽn yaa aristokrat rãmbã n da maandã, rũndã-rũndã, yaa pagb me n maandã, tɩ b nong n dɩkd pagb bɩ kom-bɩɩs rolli. Pĩnd wẽndẽ wã, b sẽn da yãkd ned ning sẽn na n yɩ-a wã ra tikda ne a yĩngã sẽn yaa to-to wã, tɩ rap nins sẽn yaa kom-bõoneg n da tʋmd tʋʋm-kãensã. A kumi odori wã kẽndame n pa yãt tao-tao ye. B pa wilg tɩ b yaa gãndaase, la b pa wilg tɩ b yaa toogo, la yaa b sẽn pa rat n maan-b tɩ yɩ nana wã n kɩt tɩ b yaa toog wʋsgo (Foley 6). B sẽn yeel tɩ b kẽnd-a-la sõma wã kɩtame t'a kẽndã yɩ toog wʋsgo. B yetame tɩ balletã pʋgẽ, yaa toog n yɩɩd tɩ f tõog n maan bourrees-rãmbã sõma n yɩɩd tɩ f maan pirouettes-rãmb wʋsgo, baa ne tɩ pirouettes-rãmbã tõe n yɩɩ sõma n yɩɩda, la yaa woto me ne balletã. Naoor wʋsgo, ned sã n maan bũmb tɩ wõnd yaa nana, yaa toog ne-a t'a maan-a tɩ zems zãnga. Odori (dansã) yaa bũmb a tãabo: tʋʋma sẽn zems ne yɛlã sẽn yaa to-to wã, manesem sẽn wilgd yĩn-sidgã, la dansã sẽn be dansã pʋgẽ. Kẽngr ning yell d sẽn gom pĩndã yaa makr sẽn wilgd tɩ ned tõe n maana bũmb tɩ yɩ vẽenega, sẽn na yɩl n togs yel-bũndi. B sẽn na n paas reemã nao-kẽndr ne tʋʋm-kãensã na n yɩɩ yiib-n-soabã, la b sã n na n naag so-toak bɩ michiyuki wã ne kibarã, na n pidsa tãab-n-soabã (Foley 7). Yaa bũmb b sẽn maand reem buud toor-toor pʋsẽ, sẽn yɩɩd fãa reem nins b sẽn boond tɩ balletã pʋgẽ. Naoor wʋsgo, b sã n wa maand we-rũng bɩ reem sẽn na yɩl n wilg tɩ bũmb ning b sẽn yetã yaa sɩda, b pa na n wilg tɩ b sẽn yetã yaa sɩda ye. Baa ne kumi odori wã sẽn wõnd a taab wʋsg ne no wã, yɛl a taab n be n kɩt tɩ b pa wõnd taab ye. B yiibã fãa pʋgẽ, b sẽn maan bũmb ninsã pa waoog ye, tɩ rẽ kɩt tɩ b pa segd n maan sɛb sẽn yaa sõma wʋsg n paas ye. B yiibã fãa tara teed sẽn wõnd taaba, la b sẽn maan to-to wã me yaa toor-toore. La sã n pa tɩ loe ne Buddismã tagsgo, kumi odori wã nong n kẽnga Confuciusismã pʋgẽ, n nong tɩ b wilg tɩ ned pa segd n yɩ nin-vɩɩga, n yɩɩd tɩ b wilg-a sẽn segd n yɩ a soaba. B sã n da pa maand woto, b ra pa na n yeelgd b meng ye. La b sẽn maand kumi odori wã, b wilgda b manesmã ne makrã la ne manesem a taab (Foley 3 ⁇ 4). B pa wilgd b nengã ne b no-goamã ye, la b wilgda b sũ-sãamsã ne b zug bɩ b ninã sẽn be to-to wã. Naoor fãa, yaa ninã n lʋɩt taoor n kẽndẽ, la wa balletã pʋgẽ wã, yaa ninã n dengd n watẽ tɩ yĩngã tõr pʋgdẽ. B sã n da pa maand woto, b ra pa na n tõog n tall manesem ning b sẽn datã ye.
Bũmb a yiibu n wilgd tɩ kumi odori yaa sõma: kan la konashi. Kan yaa wala bũmb sẽn be zĩig pʋgẽ, tɩ ned pa tõe n zãms ye. La konasi wã yaa minim nins b sẽn paam yʋʋm wʋsg pʋgẽ wã n kɩt t'a yaa sõma n yɩɩdã. Sẽn na yɩl tɩ b bãng tɩ yɩɩl yaa sõma, yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã fãa segd n talla zʋg-sõma a yiibã. B sẽn boond tɩ hinã, bɩ bark ning b sẽn dog ne wã me tara yõod wʋsgo (Foley 11). Rẽ pa wat tao-tao ye, la yaa yʋʋm wʋsg tʋʋm-tʋmdɩ la rɩk-m-meng loogr poore bal la d tõe n paam-a. B yetame tɩ ned pa tõe n yɩ kumi odori, no bɩ kabuki wã reem-neda, hal tɩ ta a yʋʋm pis-nu wã, sẽn yaa lebend ne balɛtrin-rãmb nins sẽn yaa kom-bõoneg nins neb wʋsg sẽn nong n be wĩndgã reemẽ wã. Tõe tɩ sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩdã yaa tɩ baa ne b sẽn pa get yɛl nins sẽn maan pĩndã, kumi odori wã getame tɩ b maand bũmb masã (Foley 4). Kabuki wã la no wã fãa pa tar yɩɩlã sẽn tar yõod wʋsg ne kumi odori wã ye.
Yɩɩllã
tekreA Chokun ra tũnugda ne ryuuka, sẽn yaa Okinawa kʋdemd yɩɩlã, la kʋdemd mizik a yɩɩlã yĩnga. B ra nong n yɩɩla yɩɩl a tãabo: sanshin, kutu, la kucho. B ra leb n yɩɩla hanso, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ tãntãntã, la tãmpug a yiib sẽn boond tɩ odaiko la kodaiko. B ra nong n yɩɩnd-b lame, tɩ yɩɩl-dãmbã paasd nebã sũ-noogo, b sã n wa tar zu-loeese. Yɩɩn-kãensã ra tara yõod wʋsg ne yɩɩlã, la b ra nong n ledga sõssã wala Broadway mizikã pʋgẽ (Foley 8). La sẽn yaa lebend ne Okinawa nin-buiidã yɩɩlã sẽn tar pãng wʋsgã, yɩɩlã ra yaa sẽn zems la sẽn pa tar pãnga, n kɩt tɩ nebã tagsdẽ tɩ yɩɩlã yaa sõma. A sẽn togs bũmb ningã yaa sõma, la a tara makr wʋsg wa Zapõ sɛb nins b sẽn gʋls wakat kãng pʋgẽ wã. B ra tũnugda ne yɩɩl buud a yiib n yɩɩndẽ: yɩɩl sẽn tar pãnga, bɩ kyogin, sẽn da yaa yɩɩl b sẽn da maand ne rap sẽn tar pãng wʋsgo, la yɩɩl sẽn pa tar pãnga, b sẽn boond tɩ wagin bɩ yuwajin, b sẽn da maand ne pagb bɩ kom-bɩɩs sẽn yaa rap sẽn tar pãng wʋsgo (Foley 8). Yaa yɩɩn-gʋlsdbã n yɩɩnd yɩɩn-kãsemsã fãa. B sẽn da maand yɩɩlã, yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã ra zĩi zĩig ning b sẽn da maand yɩɩlã, wall b ra zĩi zĩig ning b sẽn da maand yɩɩlã, bala zĩig ning b sẽn da maand yɩɩlã ra yaa zĩig sẽn tar nao a nii la pissi. Rũndã-rũndã, b sã n wa yɩɩndẽ wã, yɩɩn-gʋlsdbã na n zĩndame tɩ b zĩnd n dɩgse, wall b zĩnd zĩ-zãrsẽ wã, n kell n tall pipi yɩɩlã sẽn da yaa to-to wã, la wakat ning fãa, yɩɩn-gʋlsdbã sõor pa yɩɩd a yoob ye. B yetame tɩ yaa yel-manesemã n tar yõod n yɩɩda, la pa yel-manesemã bɩ bũmb nins sẽn be a poorẽ wã bal ye. Woto me, b zãaga b mens ne bũmb nins sẽn yaa sɩd-sɩdã, la b nong n makda tagsa wã n yɩɩd b sẽn na n dɩk-b wa b sẽn datã.
Repertoorã
tekreBaa ne b sẽn gʋls kumi odori sɛb pis-yopoe wã, a Chokun ket n yaa ned ning sẽn tar pãn-tusdg n yɩɩdã. A sẽn maan bũmb ningã pa lingr ye, bala a sẽn maan bũmb ninsã fãa ra tara loees ne no-kãngã, tɩ yaa bũmb sẽn zems ne a kabuki wã sẽn dɩkd-a n maandã. A sõsgã ra kaoosda lɛɛr pʋɩ-sʋka, n pa wõnd lɛɛr a yiib la minit pis-naasã a sẽn da na n wa ne wã ye (Foley 3). Tʋʋm-kãensã b sẽn boond tɩ sewa mono wã yaa zags a yiibu, la b boond-b me tɩ jidai mono wã. Jidai mono wã, bɩ wags-m-mengã sẽn nong n boond tɩ (kataki-uchi mono wã) tika wags-m-mengã zugu, tɩ nonglem la biig sakr la wẽn-sakrã yaa sewa mono wã bõn-datl-kãsenga (Foley 8). Shushin kaneiri ket n yaa kumi odori wã tʋʋm-noor sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩdã, la a tara yɛl wʋsg sẽn wõnd Dojoji kɩbarã b sẽn togs ne teyatr tʋʋm-noor a taab wʋsgo. ⁇ Chokun ⁇ s a nu wã, ⁇ bɩ Chokun no goban, la b sẽn paas a tãab n paasã: Mekarushii (Bi-bɩɩs nins b sẽn basã), Onna monogurui (Pag ning sũ-sãoong sẽn sãamã), la Koko no maki (Kõor sẽn wilgd tɩ b yaa wẽn-sakdba) (Thornbury 232). A Tasato Chochoku, sẽn vɩɩmd yʋʋm 1703 n tãag 1773, yaa nin-kãseng a to sẽn naan tʋʋm sẽn kaoosd wa Manzai tekiuchi, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "Wẽn-kɩɩsg pidsame". Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, a sẽn da maand bũmb ninsã ra gomda sɩbgr yelle, n leb n gomd kɩs-sɩd la pʋ-peelem yelle, la a leb n da maand kom-bõones me (Thornbury 232). A Oshiro Tatsuhiro sẽn maan vaeesg n na n lebg n wa ne gom-biis a nu yʋʋm 2001 wã, yaa b pipi tʋʋm-kãseng sẽn na n yɩll n maneg gom-biis nins b sẽn da gʋlsã. Yʋʋmd 1976 wã, a Kin Ryosho, sẽn da mi gom-biis nins b sẽn da gʋlsã sõma, la sẽn da yaa karen-saamb me, n sa a sẽn da tõe n toeem a sẽn da gʋlsã zĩis kẽere. A Kin Ryosho (金武良章, 1908 ⁇ 1993) zãmsa kumi odori ne pag ne rao la a pag fãa a Naha tʋʋma zĩigẽ. A ba wã a Kin Ryojin (1873-1936) n zãms-a, a Amuru Pechin karen-biiga, sẽn da yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsd sẽn da tar yʋʋre. A Noho Miyagi (宮城能 ⁇ ) yaa kumi odori wã ned a to sẽn yɩ nin-kãsems yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã pʋgẽ. A sẽn zãms Genzo Tamagusuku wã poore, a zãmsa Okinawa Geino Daigaku (Université des Arts), n kõ a karen-biisa minim nins sẽn yaa tɩlae sẽn na yɩl n maan la b tall nin-kãensã sẽn yaa nin-tũudbã arzɛkã (Foley 237).[2]
Kumi odori rũndã-rũndã
tekreKumi odori wã lebgr beoog-daare bee zĩig sẽn zãre, bala sẽn maand-a wã tara yʋʋm sẽn kolg pis-yoob la a yoobe, la yaa toog tɩ b kɩt tɩ nebã nong-a, bala neb nins sẽn maand-a wã zoe n zãada b mens n zãmsd nebã la b vɩ b mens vɩɩmã pʋgẽ. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa Dento Kumi Odori Hozonkai wã neb n tʋmd n yɩɩda, la pagb sõor yɩɩda rapã, la baa b sõorã sã n tõe n tara paasgo, b sẽn pa rɩk b mens n kõ wã sã n mak ne yʋʋm nins sẽn dengã na n sɩnga n sãamd b minimã. Rũndã-rũndã, yaa neb bilf bal n tar sẽk bɩ ligd n na n dɩk b vɩɩmã zãng n zãms reem-dãmb nins b sẽn boond tɩ art classique wã. Neb wʋsg sẽn be Zapõ reemã pʋgẽ tẽedame tɩ kumi odori wã segd n toeema sẽn na yɩl n kell n tall yõod rũndã-rũndã. A Miyagi Noho sẽn yaa reemdã la karen-saamb ning sẽn tar yʋʋr wʋsgã yeelame tɩ sẽn na yɩl tɩ kumi odori wã kell n tall yõodo, b segd n manega a toore (Thornbury 241). Woto wõnda bõn-kãsenga, bala repertoɛɛrã pa paas wʋsg sẽn sɩng ne Rĩungã yʋʋmã ye, la b wilgame naoor wʋsg tɩ reemã segd n toeema sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tũ neb nins sẽn lebgd n paasd a soayã minimã, la a leb n yaa woto me ne reemã. B sã n pa le maand b sẽn datã, b pa le nong-a ye, la b pa le tar yõod ne-a ye. A Kin Ryosho, sẽn yaa ned a to sẽn tar yõod wʋsg Zapõ reemã pʋgẽ yeela woto: "Bũmb sã n lebg kãn-kãe, a kiime" (Foley 11). Sẽn na yɩl n wilg Okinawa nebã sẽn yaa to-to wã, b segd n zãmsa buud-gomdã la b bɩɩs-a tɩ zems ne b sẽn yaa to-to wã.